Dlium

Kakao or cacao tree ( Theobroma cacao ) is a perennial plant species in Malvaceae in the tropics, in the form of a tree 10 m high but in cultivation it will be limited to only 5 m to expand the canopy and multiply branches so that more fruit grows where the seeds are processed as chocolate. T. cacao has flowers like other Sterculiaceae members that grow directly from the stem, perfect and single flowers, 3 cm in diameter, but appear in panicles because often a bunch of flowers emerges from a single bud. The flowers are white and are ready to be pollinated within a few days especially by the Forcipomyia fly, winged ants, aphids and some Trigona bees which usually occur at night. The main pests of this plant are Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera papayae . Cacao trees generally cross-pollinate and have their own incompatibilities, but some varieties are capable of self-pollinating and produce higher-selling commodity types. The fruit grows from pollinated flowers, has a frui

Worawari or spider hibiscus ( Hibiscus schizopetalus ) is a plant species in Malvaceae, upright shrubs, 2-4 m tall and generally very similar to Hibiscus rosa-sinensis but smaller and brighter leaves, usually found in the yard to decorate corners or as a fence component. H. schizopetalus has generally hung upper branches. Single leaf, stemmed, ovoid, jagged edges, pointed tip and base, 2-12 cm long, 1-7.5 cm wide and crammed at the tip of a branch. Spider hibiscus has a very distinctive flower, always hanging down because the stem length is 8-16 cm, the tip of the ginofor turns upward, the bright red petals with a darker base, the stamens tube has a length of 8-9 cm, the edges are eavesdropped so that looks like it's torn up. This species has not been widely cultivated and engineered so that the color of the petal is always red with several variations of white lines. These plants rarely produce fruit and seeds, propagation is more often done using cuttings or grafting.

Secang or Biancaea sappan ( Caesalpinia sappan ) is a species of small tree or shrub, 4-10 m tall, grayish-brown or green stems and has many protuberances like teeth with many thorns that are curved downward and scattered, young twigs and buds have fine hair that is smooth tanned. C. sappan has brown taproot, stems grow upright, compound leaves and double pinnate with 3-4 mm support, green and easy to fall. The main leaf bone is 25-40 cm long with 9-14 pairs of side leaf bones. Secang has 10-20 pairs of minor leaves on each side of the leaf bone, facing each other, oval shaped, 10-25x3-11 mm with a tilted base and curved ends, with flat edges and short hair. Flowers in panicles at the tip of the stem or in the upper armpits, 10-40 cm long, have protective leaves for 5-12x2-5 mm, hair and fall off easily. Pedicels have a length of 15-20 mm. Yellow flowers, number 5, bald petals and taju has a size of 7-10x4 mm. The flower crown has hair, 9-11.5x6-10 mm, the upward has smaller

Javan millipede or keluwing or luwing ( Remulopygus javanicus ) is an animal species in Harpagophoridae, cylindrical and elongated, 150 mm long, 15 mm wide, consisting of 60 segments, each of which has two pairs of legs, black and brown with reddish legs. R. javanicus has a round head with a size smaller than the body segments, the end segment at the tail has a reddish-brown tapered horn, a pair of reddish brown antennae, the whole body has a smooth and shiny surface. Javan millipede moves slowly and when touched will quickly roll itself up with the legs placed on the inside. Keluwing is a herbivore, eating plants to get all the nutrients. including fruit, wood and dry leaves, but sometimes also parts of living plants. Generally foraging at night, but sometimes found wandering around in the morning. Keluwing breed in burrows to lay eggs, after which the burrows are closed, then abandoned. They spend most of their time in underground pits and tunnels to rest. Kingdom: Animalia Ph

Kacang hias or pinto peanut ( Arachis pintoi ) are plant species in Fabaceae that grow above the surface of the land, lowlands and highlands in the tropics, very adaptive but prefer to live in the shade rather than being exposed to direct sunlight. A. pintoi is an annual herb, the stems grow to form a sturdy plait, the roots will grow from the stem if it has direct contact with the soil, has the ability to tether nitrogen from the air and is very well grown as ground cover, fodder, ornamental plants in urban areas and reduce erosion. Pinto peanut has two pairs of leaves on each stalk, oval shaped for 1.5 cm wide and 3 cm long, producing continuous flowers throughout life for 40-65 flowers per square meter every day. Pollination will push the ovary in the gynophore to extend up to 27 cm and enter the ground up to 7 cm to form a pod that usually contains a seed. A. pintoi grows and develops well in sub-tropical and tropical regions, annual rainfall is above 1,000 mm and 3-4 mont

Ketapang or tropical almond or beach almond or talisay tree or umbrella tree or sea almond ( Terminalia catappa ) is a species of plant in the Combretaceae, a shady tree, fast growing, forming a multilevel canopy, often used as a shade tree in gardens and on roadsides. T. catappa grows large, up to 40 meters in height and up to 1.5 meters in trunk, shady canopy with branches that grow flat and terraced, young trees often look like pagodas while old and large trees often have aerial roots up to 3 meters. The leaves are scattered, mostly at the end of the twig, rounded egg upside down, 8-38 cm long, 5-19 cm wide, the tip is wide, the base is narrow, the upper surface is smooth, green but turns red if to fall out and short stalks. The flowers are small, collected near the tips of the twigs, 8-25 cm long and green-yellow in color. The flowers are not crowned, the petals have five taju, are plate or bell shaped, 4-8 mm long and are white or cream in color. Stamens in two circles and arra

Keladi or heart of Jesus or angel wings ( Caladium bicolor ) is a species of flowering plants in Araceae, large leaves and arrow-shaped with various patterns of green, white and red, has many cultivars, often used as an ornamental plant and has been cultivated since the 18th century. C. bicolor grows in open areas in the forest and on river banks and becomes inactive during the dry season, 40-90 cm tall, reproduces itself by dividing tubers, requires high humidity but is not inundated and requires large tree shade. Heart of Jesus has one to five leaves, oval-shaped or broad heart or slender arrows with a length of 15-45 cm, the leaf bone is centered at a point at the base of the stalk and spreads out, the surface is smooth and the edges are flat, flexible and has layers waterproof wax. The leaves have many hues depending on the cultivar, generally green on the edges with red in the middle and along the leaf bone with white patches on the entire surface. A long, green or black

Gadung or Asian vine snake or oriental whip snake ( Ahaetulla prasina ) is a species of snake that is most often found which resembles the tops of vines, up to 2 meters long, although generally only 1-1.5 meters, arborial and live in tropical regions and Asian rain forests. A. prasina has a pointed head like an arrow, eyes are rather large with horizontal pupils as if they were closing their eyes, long tail and functioned as a clutch of branches like other tree snakes. The top is green or gray-green with black, white or pale blue edge scales. The lower part is paler or yellowish green with thin yellow lines on both sides. Oriental whip snake live in trees, plants and wild bushes that thrive in open forests, plantations and house yards. The main food is a tree lizard, tree frogs, sometimes also chicks that are left by their mother. Asian vine snake will bend his neck to form like the letter "S" and flatten the neck when they feel threatened, so the edges of the scale

Enau or aren or moka or sugar palm ( Arenga pinnata ) is a plant species, the most important palm after coconut ( Cocos nucifera ) in Arecaceae which is a versatile plant, growing to 25 m high and 65 cm in diameter, stems sturdy and at the top wrapped in by black fibers as leaf fronds that surround the stem. A. pinnata has pinnate compound leaves, up to 5 m long with stems up to 1.5 m. Minor leaves such as corrugated ribbon, 7x145 cm, dark green on the top and whitish by a layer of wax on the bottom. The male flowers separate from the female flowers in different cobs that appear in the armpit of the leaf and are up to 2.5 m long. Bullet-shaped fruit for a diameter of 4 cm, has three chambers and three seeds and arranged in chains. Each bunch has 10 or more stalks and each stalk has approximately 50 rows of green or yellowish brown fruit. This fruit cannot be eaten directly because the sap causes severe itching. Aren are easy to grow in tropical Asia, grow wild or planted on s

Garden cross spider ( Argiope pulchella ) is a spider species in Araneidae, synanthropic, dimorphic where females are larger in size, females build webs and are sometimes accompanied by X-shaped stabiliments while males occupy edges, long legs and prey on various insects. A. pulchella lives in natural forests, hilly slopes and disturbed habitats including fields, waterways and house yards. The web is built at a height of 1 m from the ground level which is connected to the branches of plants or leaves. The female has a size of 8-10 mm, dark yellow carapace with white hair. Heart-shaped front bone. Anterior brown with white patches. The stomach is somewhat pentagonal, the legs are long and brown, the cephalothorax is brown, the dorsum is bright yellow or white with three horizontal black stripes, the ventrum has black, white and yellow stripes. Males have a size of 4-6 mm, cephalothorax is dark brown and has no streaks. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Arachnida

Durian ( Durio zibethinus ) is a species of tropical plant in Malvaceae, an annual tree, everlasting green but there are certain times to grow new leaves after the fruiting period is over, popularly called "king of fruit" and considered a controversial fruit where many people like, but some others are even fed up with the scent. D. zibethinus grows to 25-50 m, reddish brown bark and irregular peeling, leafy and stretched canopy. The leaves are oval shaped to lanceolate, 10-15x3-4.5 cm, sitting alternately, stemmed, taper or blunt base and taper-pointed sloping, bright green upper side, the lower side covered with silver or golden scales. Flowers and fruit Flowers appear directly on the trunk or old branches at the proximal, clustered in panicles containing 3-10 florets or flat-shaped florets. Rounded flower buds, 2 cm in diameter and long stem. Tubular petals, 3 cm long, additional petals split into 2-3 round lobes. Crown shaped spatula with a length of 2 times the

Talas or taro ( Colocasia esculenta ) is a plant species in Araceae, 0.4 to 1.5 m high, has no stem and is not woody, waxy leaves, important tuber producers where corm that grows underground is a source of carbohydrates and cultivated since ancient times. C. esculenta has 2-5 leaves with green stems, dark green or purplish stripes, 23-150 cm long and the base is a midrib. Leaves have a size of 6.60x7.53 cm, round eggs, oval with tapered ends, sometimes purplish in color around the stalks, waxy and rounded base. The flower comes in the cob on the armpit of the leaf and has a stem for a length of 15-60 cm. The sheath has a length of 10-30 cm consisting of two parts where the top is longer, yellow orange and fall out. Male cob is yellow, fruit is green and 0.5 cm in diameter. Bobbin-shaped seeds and grooved longitudinally. Taro is grown for tubers as an important source of carbohydrates. However, these tubers contain itchy sap, so they must be cooked before consuming them. Tubers ca

Kembang sepatu or bunga raya or worawari or Chinese hibiscus ( Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ) is a species of shrub in Malvaceae, growing 2-5 m high and 1-3 m wide, having ovoid leaves, acute tips, jagged edges, shiny, and solitary. Widely planted as an ornamental plant in the tropics and subtropics, large flowers, red and odorless. H. rosa-sinensis has a variety of cultivars and hybrids including single or double flowers that are white, yellow, orange and red. Flowers come all year long, large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, five petals with a diameter of 4-18 cm and anthers red orange. Chinese hibiscus includes dicotyledonous, solitary, complete and perfect, has superior ovaries, regular symmetry and axillary placentation, 5 carpels, 5 loci, 5 sepals and varying amounts of stamens. The base of the flower is green petals and the pointed tip of the petals is sepals. The male and female parts of the same flower. The five hairy red spots at the top of the flower are the stigmas in which

Rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ) is a plant species in Euphorbiaceae, a tree height of 15-25 m, but in the wild up to 43 m, a large trunk, grows straight and has a high branching above. The stem of this plant contains milk sap which is extracted as the main source of natural rubber. H. brasiliensis has a cylindrical rod, brown and the inner skin secretes latex if injured. The leaves have three leaflets, arranged in a spiral, elliptical, elongated with a tapered tip, flat edge and bare. The main leaf stalk has a length of 3-20 cm and a minor leaf stalk for 3-10 cm. Male and female flowers are separate, yellowish and have no petals. The fruit is a capsule that contains three and six seeds according to the amount of space, blackish brown with typical patterned spots and explosively open when ripe. Rubber trees need a tropical or subtropical climate with a minimum rainfall of 1,200 mm per year and no frost. Tapping is one of the main activities of exploitation of this plant by op

Pagoda flower ( Clerodendrum paniculatum ) is a flowering plant species in Lamiaceae, popular as an ornamental plant with clumps shaped like pagodas or pyramids, red in color, favored by butterflies and widely used as traditional medicinal plants. C. paniculatum lives in the tropics, generally growing to 2-3 meters tall, upright stems and green with brown skin. The leaves are dark green, the surface is wavy following the bone, oval-shaped with a pointed tip and has two acute angles on each side like two pairs of wings. Flowers are panicles arranged in the form of a pagoda with a taper on the top of the stem, predominantly red and have many pedicels. A single flower has five petals, white with a red center, long white stamen and increasingly to the red end. Pagoda flowers grow in the lowlands and highlands for all temperatures, need a lot of sun throughout the day. Roots are cold with a bitter taste and are used to treat pain in rheumatism, back pain, tuberklosis, coughing up bl

Big-leaved acacia ( Acacia mangium ) is a species of woody plants in the Acacieae, long oval leaves, growing up to 30 m and straight stems, except in less favorable places will grow only 7-10 m, have hardwood, rough, longitudinal grooved and dark to light brown. A. mangium has shoots with compound leaves consisting of many minor leaves and after growing a few weeks does not produce any more real leaves but the main axis of the petiole of each compound leaves widens and turns into known pohyllocladus or pseudo leaves. Big-leaved acacia has about 142,000 seeds/kg. Long pods form circular threads and are black or brown when ripe. Dry pods will open to expose small black seeds. Trees bind nitrogen to the soil and are a popular species for agroforestry projects. This plant is weather resistant, although it requires special care if it is planted as a garden plant where the leaves are falling a lot. These plants include legumes that grow quickly by increasing height 4 m per year near

Roseleaf bramble or wild raspberry ( Rubus rosifolius ) is a thorny subshrub in Rosaceae, grows in tropical highlands, producing red berries, rose-like leaves with serrated margins and hair on both sides, white flowers in panicles and solitary. R. rosifolius has woody stems with thorns like roses. Fruit sometimes called "bramble fruit" is an aggregate of drupelet, 2 cm long and can be eaten. The fruit tastes sweet and delicious when planted with good soil moisture. Leaves in panicles with three to six itches facing each other with a leaf at the end. Elongated leaves with pointed tips, wavy with bones and have jagged edges. White flowers have five strands with white middle threads. Roseleaf bramble is rarely cultivated, although it has several uses. Green leaves contain essential oils and are used as a tea to treat diarrhea, menstrual pain, morning sickness and childbirth. This plant grows in the tropical highlands in primary forests, secondary forests, slopes and ro

Awar-awar or Hauli tree or barabar or sirih popar or tobo tobo ( Ficus septica ) is species of plants in Moraceae, trees grow in bushes or in neglected places and sap contained in roots, twigs, leaves and fruit is used to treat poisoning and digestive problems. F. septica is usually 1-5 m high, although in the forest it can be up to 25 m. Round, hollow and bare branches. Roots, twigs, leaves and fruit will emit a yellow sap and sticky if injured. The base of the leaves is large and spiky, arranged alternately or face to face with a stem length of 2.5-5 cm. Large leaf blade, round egg, 9-30x9-16 cm, rounded base and blunt narrow tip, flat-edged, upper side dark green with 6-12 secondary bones pale white. Fruit paired, single or clustered up to 4 items, short-stemmed, at the base has 3 protective leaves, light green or gray green and 1.5 cm in diameter. F. septica is food for 22 animal species including wasps, bats, birds, monkeys and mice as well as seed dispersing vectors. A

Cengkeh or clove or Eugenia aromaticum ( Syzygium aromaticum ) is a plant species in Myrtaceae, growing up to 10-20 m, large leaves and dark red flowers are grouped in terminals, dried flower-scented buds, widely used as cooking spices, medical ingredients, oils and typical cigarettes Indonesia. S. aromaticum has flowers in a pale hue and gradually turns green, then bright red when ready for harvest. Cloves are harvested 1.5-2.0 cm long and consist of long petals which end in four diffuse sepals and four unopened petals that form a small middle ball. Clove has a number of varieties including Afo, Posi-posi, Siputih, Zanzibar, and Sikotok. Zanzibar has lush leaves and dark green, low branches on the stem and produces light green flower buds. Siputih cloves have branches at the top of the stem, lush leaves and yellow-green flower buds. Morphology of S. aromaticum is classified into 3 types: Maluku (Afo, Tibobo, Tauro, Sibela, Indari, Air Mata, Dokiri and Daun Buntal), wild (Raja

Laron ( Macrotermes gilvus ) is species of insects in Termitidae, eat cellulose in wood and fungi, nest in neglected soil, imago have wings, generally come out of the nest to colonize new territory at the beginning of the rainy season, each colony consists of kings-queens or reproductive, warriors and workers. M. gilvus is very adaptive and invasive, lives in the tropics at an altitude of 0-1000 meters and builds underground nests in forests and neglected lands. The cycle starts with eggs, larvae and nymphs. The next stage is to become one of the workers, soldiers and reproductive imago. Workers have the smallest size, white in color, whose job is to find food and build nests using soil, wood chew, saliva and their feces. They built a nest with complex construction and an area of up to 7 square meters. The warrior has a larger size, a large red head, a pair of large claws in the mouth as a weapon and has the duty to guard the nests and colonies. Workers and soldiers are mostly

Kasiah or akasia jarum or green wattle or early green wattle or Mimosa decurrens ( Acacia decurrens ) are plant species in Fabaceae, perennial trees or shrubs, grow fast to 15 m high, gummy woody, dark green twigs and green or brown or dark gray tree bark. A. decurrens is very striking as a grove of green, has needle-shaped leaves, dark green in alternating arrangement, the base of the stems forming pulvinus, bipinnate, rachis length is 20-120 mm, angular and hairless. Each small leaflet has 15-45 pairs with a wide distance, connected to each other with a length of 5-15 mm with a width of 0.4-1 mm, straight, parallel side, pointed end, pointed base, shiny and not hairy or sparse. The small flowers are yellow or golden yellow and are attached tightly to the stems on each head with a length of 5-7 mm and the length of the axillary rasme or panicle terminal is 60-110 mm. Bisexual, fragrant, five petals, sepals and many stamens. The pods mature in dry season. Dark brown or reddis

Temulawak or Java ginger or Javanese ginger or Javanese turmeric or Curcuma xanthorrhiza ( Curcuma zanthorrhiza ) is a plant species in Zingiberaceae, grows well in loose soil in tropical forests in the lowlands to an altitude of 1500 meters above sea level and tubers are used for medicinal herbs and drinks. C. zanthorrhiza has pseudo stems up to 2 m tall. The stem is a midrib of upright, overlapping leaves, green or dark brown in color. Rhizomes are perfectly formed, large, branched and reddish brown, dark yellow or dark green. Each bud forms 2-9 leaves with a circular shape extending to lancet, green or light purple to dark brown, leaves 31-84 cm long and 10-18 cm wide, stems 43-80 cm long and each strand is connected with a midrib. Flowers are dark yellow, uniquely shaped and clustered with lateral inflorescences. The stems and scales are in the form of lines, 9-23cm long and 4-6cm wide, having protectors with comparable crowns. Petals are white, hairy and 8-13mm long. The

Pokok lipan or devil's-backbone or redbird flower or christmas candle or Pedilanthus tithymaloides ( Euphorbia tithymaloides ) are plant species in Euphorbiaceae, upright, evergreen, gummy shrubs, growing in tropical and subtropical regions. E. tithymaloides likes sandy soils especially with high concentrations of boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc. This bush grows to 2.4 m high and 61 cm wide. Simple angiosperm leaves, arranged opposite to the stem where each leaf is sessile with a length of 3.6-7.6 cm. The stem has the tip of a handle that supports a group of flowers that are not scented. Bifid crown and ovoid. The involucral bracts are bright red, irregular in shape and length from 1.1 to 1.3 mm. Hairy male and female pedicels. Seed pods are 7.6 mm long, 8.9 mm wide and ovate with clipped ends. Devil's-backbone generally blooms in mid-spring in the subtropical region and in the dry season in the tropics. Pollination is carried out by ants and birds.

Cempedak or small jackfruit or Artocarpus champeden ( Artocarpus integer ) is a plant in Moraceae, monoecious, has a fruit shape, taste and fragrance similar to jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) and often interbred naturally in nature, but has a smaller tree size, smaller fruit and bigger leaves. A. integer is a tree that is always green, height can reach 20 m even though most are only a dozen meters. Branches and shoots have fine, stiff, brownish hair. Leaves thin, rather stiff, 2.5-5x5-25 cm, flat-edged, inverted ovate with base of peg-shaped to rounded and pointed tip. Petiole has a length of 1-3 cm. The ovary leaves are elongated, tapered, hairy, fall off easily and leave a ring mark on the twigs. Flowers appear on the armpits of the leaves, on large branches, on the main stem and on special short leafy shoots. Male flowers are hump shaped, 1x3-5.5 cm, pale or yellowish green and stalk length 3-6 cm. The female flower head is elongated, embedded 1.5 mm deep in the pivo

Barbados lily or amaryllis lily ( Hippeastrum puniceum ) is a species of perennial flowering plant in Amaryllidaceae, grows in the tropics, has 4-6 leaves, bright green, 30-60 cm long and 2.5-3 cm wide, white waxed, tubular and shrink at the ends. H. puniceum has flowers that grow in the umbel at the end of the stalk which has a height of 40-60 cm and stands tall with a pointed tip at the top. The umbel has lanceolate green bracts at its base. Each stalk has one or two ovaries. Orange-red petal with yellow or pale base. The two lower tepals are much narrower than lateral. About five white stamens emerge from the end of the tube in the middle of the crown. A single flower will bloom to face north or south with a curved base where the horizontal flower faces are parallel to the ground, while the stems that have two flowers will bloom to face north and others to the south. Wild barbados lilies grow in forests, yard, roadside and neglected lands. This plant likes sandy, gravel an

Labu siam or jipang or mirliton squash or chayote ( Sechium edule ) is a plant species in Cucurbitaceae, growing vines and generally upwards, widely planted as food and a source of vitamin C where fresh fruit for salads or lightly cooked to remove sap. S. edule grows on the ground or climbs large trees up to 12 m high, stems are green, not woody and are usually cultivated anywhere as long as they have support. The ends of the stems are threaded to reach support or link themselves. The leaves are oval, 10-25 cm wide, have many angles as the bones depend on variety and the surface has hair. Male flowers in groups and solitary female flowers, yellowish green, four or five petals and pistils in the middle. The fruit hangs on the stem, is irregular in egg shape, slightly flattened and has rough wrinkles, 10-20 cm long, green or yellow, has a thin skin, white insides with a single hole, large and flat. Some varieties have thorny skin. The fruit is boiled briefly to remove sap and e

Crab-eating macaque or long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ) is a primate species in Cercopithecidae, brown with a lighter color abdomen and whitish hair on the face, polygamy, genome size 2946.84 Mb, 21 pairs of chromosomes, highly adaptive and wild animals that are able to follow human civilization. M. fascicularis has at least 10 recorded subspecies: Dark-crowned long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. atriceps ), Burmese long-talied macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. aureus ), Con Song long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. condorensisis ). Common long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. fascicularis ), Simeulue long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. fuscus ), Kemujan long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. karimondjawae ), Lasia long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. lasiae ) Philippine long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. philippensis ), Maratua long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. tua ), Nicobar crabea