Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is an annual shrub that lives wild or cultivated in various tropical regions in open places, but can also grow in a rather shady place. Shrub habitus grows sideways, 0.2 meters to 1 meter high.
C. roseus has beautiful flowers, small round-shaped stems, branching, woody stems and downy leaves. Flowers have pink, white, blue and others depending on cultivars.
These plants can live wildly in any species including clay, sand and rock. It grows and spreads rapidly during the rainy season where the wake flowers bloom on dewy mornings. This flower plant bursts and appears to be striking between the surrounding grasses.
The leaves are ovoid, about 2 cm to 6 cm long, 1 cm to 3 cm wide, green, and pinned pinned together. The leaves are about 2-6 cm long, 1-3 cm wide. The stems are very short where stems and leaves contain white latex.
Flowers grow axially or arise from the armpit of leaves, flower petals and nail-shaped. The flower crown is trumpet-shaped, and the tip is wide. Cylindrical fruit where the tip is pointed, hairy, 1.5 cm long to 2.5 cm long, and has many seeds.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Rauvolfioideae
Tribe: Vinceae
Subtribe: Catharanthinae
Genus: Catharanthus G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 95 (1837)
Species: Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 95 (1837)
Variety: Catharanthus roseus var. angustus (Steenis) Bakh., Catharanthus roseus var. roseus
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Ammocallis rosea (L.) Small in Fl. S.E. U.S.: 936 (1903)
Lochnera rosea (L.) Rchb. ex Spach in Hist. Nat. Vég. 8: 526 (1838)
Pervinca rosea (L.) Gaterau in Descr. Pl. Montauban: 52 (1789)
Vinca rosea L. in Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 944 (1759)
Vinca speciosa Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 147 (1796)
PUBLICATIONS
Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
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Berhaut, J. (1971). Flore illustrée du Sénégal 1: 1-626. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du développement rural direction des eaux et forêta, Dakar.
Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.
Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
Buragohain, S. & Sarma, G.C. (2009). The exotic weeds of Guwahati, Assam and their role in employment generation. Pleione 3(1): 45-49.
Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
Danton, P. & Perrier, C. (2017). Suppressions and additions to the flora of the Juan Fernández archipelago (Chile). Botany Letters 164: 351-360.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2011). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 2: 1-429. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2023). Flora of North America North of Mexico 14: 1-505. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Fosberg, F.R. & Sachet, M.-H. (1987). Flora of the Gilbert Island, Kiribati, Checklist. Atoll Research Bulletin 295: 1-33.
Fosberg, F.R. & Stoddard, D.R. (1994). Flora of the Phoenix Islands, Central Pacific. Atoll Research Bulletin 393: 1-60.
Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Jaramillo Díaz, P. & Guézou, A. (2017). CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galápagos http://www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/vascular-plants.
Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
Jongkind, C.C.H. (2022). Flore du Gabon 59: 1-276. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim; Meise Botanic Garden.
Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
Leti, M., Hul, S., Fouché, J.-G., Cheng, S.K. & David, B. (2013). Flore photographique du Cambodge: 1-589. Éditions Privat, Toulouse.
MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.
Middleton, D.J. (2011). Flora of peninsular Malaysia, II, 2: 1-235. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia.
Middleton, D.J. (2014). Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêt-Nam 33: 1-276. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Middleton, J.D. (ed.) (2019). Flora of Singapore 13: 1-654. Singapore Botanic Gardens.
Morales, J.F. (2005). Estudios en las Apocynaceae Neotropicales XIX: La familia Apocynaceae s.str. (Apocynoideae, Rauvolfioideae) de Costa Rica. Darwiniana 43: 90-191.
Morales, J.F. (2006). Estudios en las Apocynaceae Neotropicales XXVIII: le familia Apocynaceae (Apocynoideae, Rauvolfioideae) de El Salvador, Centroamérica. Darwiniana 44: 453-489.
Morales, J.F. (2009). Estudios en las Apocynaceae neotropicales XXXIX: revisión de las Apocynoideae y Rauvolfioideae de Honduras. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 66: 217-262.
Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Nurtjahya, E. & al. (2026). Flowering Plants of Bangka Island: Native and Introduced. Acta Botanica Hungarica 68: 127-156.
Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
Sachet, M.-H. (1969). List of vascular flora of Rangiroa. Atoll Research Bulletin 125: 33-44.
Sauerbier, H., Cabrera Calixto, F. & Muer, T. (2023). Flora Vascular de Canarias: 1-1514. Turquesa.
Smith, A.C. (1988). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 4: 1-377. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
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Thulin, M. (ed.) (2006). Flora of Somalia 3: 1-626. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the vascular plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.
Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
Vikraman, R.R., Pandurangan, A.G. & Thulasidas, G. (2008). A study on the garden escaped exotics of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 765-781.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Webb, C.J., Sykes, W.R & Garnock-Jones, P.J. (1988). Flora of New Zealand 4: 1-1365. R.E.Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.
Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
Zizka, G. (1991). Flowering plants of Easter island. Palmarum Hortus Francofurtensis 3: 1-108.
Zuloaga, F.O., Belgrano, M.J. & Zanotti, C.A. (eds.) (2021). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 19(2): 1-466. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
von Raab-Straube, E. & Raus, T. (eds.) (2018). Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 9. Willdenowia 48: 195-220.
VERNACULAR NAME
Afrikaans: Begraafplaasblom, Maagdeblom, Maandrosie, Soldateblom, Vinca
Arabic: عناقية وردية
Assamese: Noyontora
Bengali: নয়নতারা Nayantara
Bodo: Garmai Phul
Catalan: Alegria
Chinese (simplified): 长春花
Chinese (traditional): 日日春 - 長春花
Czech: Barvínkovec růžový
Danish: Rosen-singrøn
Dogri: Sada Suhagan
English: Madagascar periwinkle, Billygoat weed, Oldmaid, Pink periwinkle, Rose periwinkle, Rosy periwinkle, Tropical periwinkle, Vinca, White vinca flower, Bright eyes, Cape periwinkle, Graveyard plant, Old maid, Rose periwinkle
Filipino: Chichirica, Kantotai, Amnias
Finnish: Ruusukatara
French: Pervenche de Madagascar
Garo: Giting Bibal
German: Madagaskar-Immergrün
Greek: Βίγκα της Μαδαγασκάρης - Δαφνούλα
Guangdong: 長春花
Gujarati: Barmaasi, Sadaphuli
Hajong: Charantola Phul
Haryanvi: Sadabahar
Hawaiian: Kihapai
Hebrew: וינקה ורודה
Hindi: सदाबहार - नयनतारा Sadabahar, Nayantara
Hong Kong: 長春花
Indonesia: Tapak dara, Bunga serdadu, Kembang tembaga
Italian: Pervinca del Madagascar
Japanese: ニチニチソウ
Java: Tapak doro
Kannada: Batla Hoovu, Kempu Kaasikanagilu, Nithyapushpa, Sadaapushpa, Turuku Mallige, Sadapushpa, Nithyapushpa
Kashmiri: Gulfering
Konkani: Sadaphuli, Sadapushpa
Korean: 일일초
Kumaoni: Sadabahar
Lithuanian: Rausvasis katarantas
Lodhi: Sada Sawagaon
Macao: 長春花
Malayalam: Aadam-howa-chedi, Anchitahal thetti, Banappoovu, Kasithetty, Kuppavela, Nithyakallyani, Savakottappacha, Shavamnaari
Malaysia: Kemunting china, Rumput jalang, Tahi ayam, Kembang tapak dara, Kembang tembaga, Bunga serdadu
Malvani: Sadanana
Marathi: Sadaphuli
Mizo: Kumtluang
Ndau: Muruwa
Nepali: बाह्रमासे फूल - नयन तारा - सदावहार - सदाफुली Baahramaase Phool, Nayan Taaraa, Sadaabahaar, Sadaaphooli
Odia: Ainshakati, Sada Bihari
Oria: Sada bihari, Ainskati
Pahari: Sadabahar
Papiamentu: Magdalena blanku
Persian: Gul-E-Farang
Polish: Katarantus różowy, Zabarwian różowy
Portuguese: Boa-noite, Vinca-de-Madagascar
Punjabi: Ratanjot
Rabha: Aphe Neken
Rajasthani: Sadabahar
Russian: Катарантус розовый
Sanskrit: Sadhapushpa
Slovak: Katarant ružový
South Korea: 일일초
Spanish: Adorna patio, Besitos, Cangrejera, Catalana, Chabelita, Chula, Coneja, Espanta novia, Flor boba, Jabonera de Madagascar, Mujer vegana, Rosa catalana, Todo el año, Vagabunda vegana, Vicaria, Vinca
Swedish: Rosensköna
Taiwan: 長春花
Tamil: சுட்டுக்கட்டுப்பு - நயன்தாரா - நித்திய-கலியாணி - துலுக்க-மல்லிகை - நித்யகல்யாணி - கசரலி Cutukattuppu, Nayanthaaraa, Nittiya-Kaliyani, Tulukka-Mallikai, Nithyakalyani, Kasarali
Telugu: Billa Ganneru, Nithya Kalyani, Nitya kalyani, Nitya sumangali
Thai: แพงพวยฝรั่ง
Tulu: Nithyapushpo
Turkish: Pervane Çiçeği, Rozet
Ukrainian: Катарантус рожевий
Venda: Liluvha, Musalamarubini, Tshikhaṱhakhaṱhane Zimbabwe: Muruwa Zulu: Ikhwinini, Isishushlungu, Isisushlungu
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
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