Wana Tirta Mangrove Forest

Wana Tirta Mangrove Forest is a mangrove vegetation that grows in brackish water and is influenced by sea tides in Temon District, Kulonprogo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. This mangorve forest area grows a cape at the mouth of the Bogowonto River to enter the Indian Ocean.

This forest grows on top of the lubrication and accumulation of organic matter carried by the flow of the Bogowonto River which originates on Mount Sumbing. The bays are protected from the onslaught of waves and around the mouth of the river where the water slows down and settles the mud carried from upstream.

Vegetation

Species covering the Wana Tirta mangrove forest are Avicennia alba, Rhizopora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Acanthus ilicifolius and Nypa fruticans.

Avicennia alba

Avecennia alba is a thicket or tree that grows spread, up to 25 meters high, the outer bark is grayish or dark and horizontal roots. The leaves are lanceolate or elliptical with a tapered tip and smooth surface, the upper part is shiny green and the bottom is pale. This species has five flower petals and four stamens. Fruit cone and light yellowish green.

Rhizophora mucronata

This tree has a height of up to 27 meters, a diameter of up to 70 centimeters and dark bark. The leaves are elliptical with a tapered tip and green leaf stalks. It has four petals, pale yellow, has eight stamens and is not stemmed. The elliptical fruit is brownish green and has a single seed.

Sonneratia alba

Trees have a height of up to 15 meters and bark is white to brown. The leaves are round inverted shape with rounded edges. It has 6 to 8 flower petals with a bell-like shape, green outer parts and reddish inner parts. The fruit is like a ball, a stem end and the base is wrapped in flower petals.

Acanthus ilicifolius

A. ilicifolius is a low herb and grows only 2 meters, branches generally up and not many. Wide lancet-shaped leaves with tapered and spiked ends. Flower crowns are light blue to violet purple and sometimes white. Oval-shaped fruit.

Fauna

Wana Tirta Mangrove Forest is home to a variety of animals including water monitor lizards (Varanus salvator), mangrove crabs (Scylla serrata), mud shrimp (Thalassina anomala), mangrove snails (Telescopium telescopium) and various Mudskipper (Oxudercinae).

Indian shot (Canna indica)

Puspa midra or Indian shot ( Canna indica ) is is plant species in Cannaceae, annual, shrub 0.5-2.5 meters high, depending on variety, erect stems, unbranched and leaf midrib arranged overlapping to form pseudostems and hermaphrodite flowers. C. indica forms a branched rhizome, 60 cm long which is divided into rounded segments and is covered in two stripes by pale green or purple scaly leaves. The rhizome has tubers that contain very large starch grains. The surface has transverse furrows, the underside appears white roots and numerous shoots. The leaves sit alternate and spiral or arranged in two rows, very large and divided into a leaf midrib, short stalk and blade. The strands are 30-60 cm long, 10-20 cm wide and have linear veins, green or purple-green, the base blunt or narrowly pointed and the apex immediately tapering or sharp. Hermaphrodite flowers, pedicels 0.2-1 cm long and red or yellow-orange, except in some cultivars 4.5-7.5 cm long. The sepals are triangular in shape a...

Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)

Guinea grass or buffalo grass or green panic ( Panicum maximum ) is a plant species in Poaceae, annual grasses, growing upright to form clumps, strong, cultivated in all tropical and subtropical regions for very high value as fodder. P. maximum reproduces in very large pols, fibrous roots penetrate into the soil, upright stems, green, 1-1.5 m tall and have smooth cavities for diameters up to 2.5 mm. Propagation is done vegetatively and generatively. Ribbon-shaped leaves with a pointed tip, very many, built in lines, green, 40-105 cm long, 10-30 mm wide, erect, branched, a white linear bone, often covered with a layer of white wax, rough surface by hair short, dense and spread. The flower grows at the end of a long and upright stalk, open with the main axis length to more than 25 cm and the length of the bunches down to 20 cm. Grains have a size of 3x4 mm and oval. Seeds have a length of 2.25-2.50 mm and each 1 kg contains 1.2 - 1.5 million seeds. Guinea grass has two varieties. P...

Indian rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia)

Sonokeling or Java palisandre or Indian rosewood ( Dalbergia latifolia ) is a species of plant in the Fabaceae, a large tree producing hardwood, medium weight and high quality, rounded leaves, thin and broad pods, highly adaptive, grows in dry and rocky landscapes with lots of sunlight. D. latifolia has medium to large size, cylindrical stems, up to 40 m high with a ring of up to 2 m, the bark is brownish gray and slightly cracked longitudinally. The crown is dense, dome-shaped and sheds leaves. The leaves are compound and pinnate oddly with 5-7 strands that have different sizes and appear alternately on the shaft. The leaves are round or elongated in width or heart, the upper surface is green and the surface is pale green. The flowers are small, 0.5-1 cm long and clustered in panicles. The pods are green to brown when ripe and are elongated lanceolate, pointed at the base and tip. The pods have 1-4 seeds which are soft and brownish. Indian rosewood grows at elevations below 600 m,...

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