Flamboyant (Delonix regia)

Flamboyan (Delonix regia) is plant species in Fabaceae which are typical of large semi-evergreen trees and bright red flowers. This tree is generally cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, growing wide to form tall canopy or umbrella 9-15 meters.

D. regia will fall during the dry season in the two seasons, but will remain green in the spring and winter in the four seasons. The leaves have feathers on the surface, the reinforcement system is pinnate with a length of 30.5-50.8 cm and width 11-25 cm.







The flamboyant flowers bloom seasonally, usually in mid-summer, have a diameter between 8 and 15 cm, have four petals that spread red or orange-red to 4-7 cm long and an upright crown.

The slightly larger petals are marked in yellow and white. Pods are packed in flat wood, lined with 70 cm long and 7 cm wide, green, but turn dark brown when old. The bark is generally yellowish brown or dark brown.

This species grows in full sun, temperature 14-26C, drought tolerant, rainfall 700-1800 mm/year, soil pH 5.6-6.

Plants contain anthocyanins, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, amino acids, phytosterols, alkanes, cyanidine, carotenoids, lectins, chlorogenic acid, stigmasterol, linoleic, phytol, β-sitosterol, carotenoid steroids, phenolic acids (gallic acid, protocatehuic acid, salicylic acid , transcinnamic, lycopene), lupeol, galactomannans, hydrocarbons phytotoxins.

This plant is used to treat diabetes, bronchitis, rheumatism, fever, pneumonia, anemia, treat wounds and ulcers, eye and bone health, viral immunity, antimicroorganism, anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Genus: Delonix Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 2: 92 (1837)
Species: Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 2: 92 (1837)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Caesalpinia regia (Bojer ex Hook.) D.Dietr. in Syn. Plant. 2: 1495 (1840)
Delonix regia var. genuina Stehlé in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 18: 186 (1946)
Poinciana regia Bojer ex Hook. in Bot. Mag. 56: t. 2873 (1829)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Delonix regia var. flavida Stehlé in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 18: 186 (1946)

PUBLICATIONS

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. (2000). Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize with Common Names an Uses: 1-246. New York Botanic Garden Press, New York.

Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.

Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.

Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2009). Nova silva cusatlantica. Árboles nativos e introduciados de El Salvador. Parte 1: Angiospermae - Familias A a L. Englera 29-1: 1-438.

Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Brummitt, R.K., Chikuni, A.C., Lock, J.M. & Polhill, R.M. (2007). 61. Leguminosae Subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Flora Zambesiaca 3(2): 1-218. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

D'Arcy, W.G. (1987). Flora of Panama. Checklist and Index.. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 17: 1-328. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Du Puy, D.J., Labat, N.-N., Rabevohitra, R., Villiers, J.-F., Bosser, J. & Moat, J. (2002). The Leguminosae of Madagascar: 1-737. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2023). Flora of North America North of Mexico 11(1): 1-541. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

Fosberg, F.R. (1975). Vascular plants of Aitutaki. Atoll Research Bulletin 190: 73-84.

Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.

George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Ghazanfar, S.A. (2007). Flora of the Sultanate of Oman. volume 2. Crassulaceae - Apiaceae. Scripta Botanica Belgica 36: 1-220.

Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.

Govaerts, R. (2000). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter D: 1-30141.

Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.

Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánes, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.

Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.

Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Lock, J.M. & Heald, J. (1994). Legumes of Indo-China a check-list: 1-164. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

López Patiño, E.J., Szeszko, D.R., Rascala Pérez, J. & Beltrán Retis, A.S. (2012). The flora of the Tenacingo-Malinalco-Zumpahuacán protected natural area, state of Mexico, Mexico. Harvard Papers in Botany 17: 65-167.

MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.

Meena, S.L. (2012). A checklist of the vascular plants of Banaskantha district, Gujarat, India. Nelumbo 54: 39-91.

Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Polhill, R.M. (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 80: 1-235. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.

Sanjappa, M., Pusalkar, P.K. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2024). Flora of India 6: 1-556. Botanical Survey of India.

Sarmah, K.K. & Borthakur, S.K. (2009). A checklist of angiospermic plants of Manas national park in Assam, India. Pleione 3: 190-200.

Singh, A. (2012). Exotic flora of the Chandauli district Uttar Pradesh, India: an overview. Indian Journal of Forestry 35: 79-84.

Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.

Velayos, M. & al. (eds.) (2015). Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial 5: 1-529. Consejo superior de investigaciones científicas, Real jardín botánico, Madrid.

Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.

Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Zhu, X.Y., Zhang, R.P. & He, Y.L. (eds.) (2021). An inventory of legume species diversity of Myanmar: 1-297. China Minzu university press.

VERNACULAR NAME

Afrikaans: Flambojant
Austria: Flammenbaum
Bengali: গুলামোহরা - কৃষ্ণচূড়া Gulamohara, Krishnachura
Chinese (simplified): 凤凰木
Chinese (traditional): 鳳凰木
Czech: Delonix královská
Danish: Flammetræ
English: Flamboyant, Royal Poinciana, Flamboyant Tree, Poinciana, Flame of the Forest, May-flower Tree, Peacock flower
Finnish: Punaliekkipuu
French: Flamboyant
German: Flammenbaum
Greek: Φλογόδεντρο - Δηλόνιξ η βασιλική
Guangdong: 鳳凰木
Gujarati: Gulmohar
Hebrew: צאלון נאה vHindi: गुलमोहर Gulmohar
Hong Kong: 鳳凰木
Hungarian: Tűzvirágfa
Indonesian: Flamboyan, Semarak api
Japanese: ホウオウボク
Kannada: Kempu turai, Kempu torai, Kattikaayi mara, Seeme sankeshwara
Korean: 델로닉스 레기아
Kupang: Pohon Sepe
Lithuanian: Karališkasis ugniamedis
Macao: 鳳凰木
Maharashtra: गुलमोहोर
Malayalam: Alasippoomaram, Anasippoomaram, Poomaram
Malaysia: Flame of the Forest
Marathi: Gulmohar
Mizo: April-par
Oria: Gulmohr
Palauan: Naniosakura
Polish: Wianowłostka królewska
Portuguese: Flamboyant, Flamboiã, Flamboaiã, Acácia-rubra
Russian: Делоникс королевский
Singapore: Flame of the Forest
Slovak: Ohňovník kráľovský
Spanish: Framboyán de Madagascar, Tabachín de Madagascar, Malinche de Madagascar, Clavellino de Madagascar, Ponciana Roja, Flamboyán, Framboyán, Poinciana royal
Taiwan: 鳳凰木
Tamil: மயில்கொன்றை - பேடா நாராயணன் - செம்மயிர்- கொன்றை Mayilkonrai, Peda narayan, Cemmayir-konrai
Telugu: Erra Thurai, Peddaturayi, Simasankesula, Erra Sunkesula
Thai: หางนกยูงฝรั่ง
Turkish: Ateş Ağacı

Aryo Bandoro
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