Green marsh hawk (Orthetrum sabina)

Ndok erok or capung badak or slender skimmer or green marsh hawk (Orthetrum sabina) is an animal species in the Libellulidae, medium sized dragonfly with wingspan of 60-85mm, green eyes, adults yellow to green with black stripes on the thirax and abdomen.

O. sabina has a pair of large, green eyes with black plots. A pair of transparent wings with black veins and white margins. Long white and black tail. The legs are black with green plots and have a long row of spikes.

Females and males are similar in shape, color and size, but differ in sexual characteristics. This species is known as a fierce predator that preys on other dragonflies that are larger. Predatory activity has started since the larval stage, which preys on tadpoles and small fish.

Green marsh hawk underwent an incomplete metamorphosis which lays the eggs in water to become nymphs and then larvae. Adults will take their wings and come out of the water to fly freely. Larvae can live up to three years, while adult dragonflies are only about 4 months.

Ndok erok roost not to move in bushes and dry twigs for long periods of time. They are able to catch almost all their prey with a success rate of 95 percent, and often eat butterflies and other types of dragonflies while still flying.

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Euarthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Order: Odonata
Suborder: Anisoptera
Family: Libellulidae
Genus: Orthetrum
Species: Orthetrum sabina
Subspecies: Orthetrum sabina ssp. sabina

Ralph Holzenthal caddisfly (Rhyacophila lignumvallis) from Corsica in Rhyacophila tristis (Schmid 1970) group

NEWS - Ralph Holzenthal caddisfly ( Rhyacophila lignumvallis Graf & Rázuri-Gonzales, sp. nov.) from the island of Corsica (France) was established as a new species in the Rhyacophila tristis (Schmid 1970) group based on morphological analysis and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI), including sequences from 16 of the 28 species in the group. Rhyacophila Pictet 1834 with 814 living and 30 fossil species is the largest genus of caddisflies in the world, distributed mainly in the northern hemisphere, but also in temperate and tropical India and Southeast Asia. One of the groups is the R. tristis group in the branch Rhyacophila invaria . R. lignumvallis is most similar to Rhyacophila pubescens Pictet 1834, Rhyacophila tsurakiana Malicky 1984, Rhyacophila ligurica Oláh & Vinçon 2021, Rhyacophila harmasa Oláh & Vinçon 2021 and Rhyacophila abruzzica Oláh & Vinçon 2021. However, R. lignumvallis differs in the shape of the X tergum, the dorsal arm ...

Solanum chrysotrichum and Solanum torvum, the differences

SPECIES HEAD TO HEAD - Nightshades ( Solanum L.) is a large genus of over 1230 officially recorded species that grow worldwide, especially in the tropics. Two species, the giant devil's fig ( Solanum chrysotrichum Schltdl.) and the Turkey berry ( Solanum torvum Sw.) have similar flowers and fruits. To differentiate, you need the size of the leaves. S. chrysotrichum is a small to medium-sized tree and grows mostly at elevations of 1500-2500 meters. The leaves are up to 68 cm long, up to 65 cm wide and the petioles are up to 27 cm long. S. torvum is a shrub to small tree and grows mostly at elevations of 0-1000 meters. The leaves are about 19 cm long, about 15 cm wide and the petioles are about 5 cm long. By Aryo Bandoro Founder of Dlium.com . You can follow him on X: @Abandoro . Read more: Solanum chrysotrichum Solanum torvum

Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)

Guinea grass or buffalo grass or green panic ( Panicum maximum ) is a plant species in Poaceae, annual grasses, growing upright to form clumps, strong, cultivated in all tropical and subtropical regions for very high value as fodder. P. maximum reproduces in very large pols, fibrous roots penetrate into the soil, upright stems, green, 1-1.5 m tall and have smooth cavities for diameters up to 2.5 mm. Propagation is done vegetatively and generatively. Ribbon-shaped leaves with a pointed tip, very many, built in lines, green, 40-105 cm long, 10-30 mm wide, erect, branched, a white linear bone, often covered with a layer of white wax, rough surface by hair short, dense and spread. The flower grows at the end of a long and upright stalk, open with the main axis length to more than 25 cm and the length of the bunches down to 20 cm. Grains have a size of 3x4 mm and oval. Seeds have a length of 2.25-2.50 mm and each 1 kg contains 1.2 - 1.5 million seeds. Guinea grass has two varieties. P...

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