Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a species of tropical plant in Bromeliaceae, low habitus and grows up to 1.5 m, annual herb, has about 30 or more leaves that are long, hard and waxy, spiny and sharp-pointed, arranged in a rosette and surrounding thick stem.
Fruit as sold by people is not a true fruit, but a combination of up to 200 true flowers that can be seen from every 'scales' on the skin which are combined together with cob (spadix) or compound flowers into a large 'fruit'.
Hummingbird is a natural pollinator for this plant, although various insects also have a similar role. The A. comosus cultivated by people has lost the ability to reproduce sexually, but they develop young plants using the 'crown' part of the fruit as a means of vegetative propagation.
Raw pineapple pulp is 86% water, 13% carbohydrates, 0.5% protein, and contains negligible fat (table). In a 100-gram reference amount, raw pineapple supplies 50 calories, and is a rich source of manganese (44% Daily Value, DV) and vitamin C (58% DV), but otherwise contains no micronutrients in significant amounts.
This species is prepared and sold on the side of the road as a fresh fruit snack. The crushed fruit is used in yogurt, jam, preserves, ice cream and vinegar. Juice is served as a drink and the main ingredient in cocktails.
This plant is traditionally used to inhibit tumor growth, fight free radicals, lose weight, treat worms, sprains, boils, itching, inflammation of the skin, acne, dandruff, constipation, beriberi, burns, diabetes, sore throat, digestive disorders and has activity as an antifungal.
Leaves are a source of traditional piña fiber, an adaptation of the original weaving tradition with fiber extracted from abacá. It is woven into a sheer, lustrous lace-like cloth which is usually decorated with intricate floral embroidery. They are loved for their light and breezy qualities, which are ideal in hot tropical climates.
TAXON
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum; Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Bromeliaceae
Subfamily: Bromelioideae
Genus: Ananas Mill. in Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4.: [s.p.] (1754)
Species: Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. in Interpr. Herb. Amboin.: 133 (1917)
Variety: Ananas comosus var. bracteatus (Lindl.) Coppens & F.Leal, Ananas comosus var. comosus, Ananas comosus var. erectifolius (L.B.Sm.) Coppens & F.Leal, Ananas comosus var. microstachys (Mez) L.B.Sm., Ananas comosus var. parguazensis (Camargo & L.B.Sm.) Coppens & F.Leal
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Bromelia comosa L. in Herb. Amb.: 21 (1754)
PUBLICATIONS
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2005). Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 52: 1-415.
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(2): 1-94. ORSTOM, Bangui.
Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 1-529. MIM, Deurne.
Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.
Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Nurtjahya, E. & al. (2026). Flowering Plants of Bangka Island: Native and Introduced. Acta Botanica Hungarica 68: 127-156.
Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
Smith, A.C. (1979). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 1: 1-495. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
Takeuchi, W. (2005). Floristic notes from a holocene successional environment in Papuasia. Harvard Papers in Botany 10: 95-116.
Timberlake, J.R. & Martins, E.S. (eds.) (2010). Flora Zambesiaca 13(2): 1-83. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Velayos, M., Aedo, C., Cabezas, F., de la Estrella, M., Barberá, P. & Fero, M. (eds.) (2014). Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial 11: 1-416. Consejo superior de investigaciones científicas, Real jardín botánico, Madrid.
Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
Versieux, L.M. & Wendt, T. (2006). Checklist of Bromeliaceae of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with notes on taxonomy and endemism. Selbyana 27: 107-146.
VERNACULAR NAME
Aceh: Anes
Arabic: أناناس
Assamese: Anarash
Bali: Manas
Batak: Henas, Kenas, Honas, Hanas
Bengali: আনারস Anannas
Bunun: Bunglai
Burmese: Nar naat see
Chinese (simplified): 菠萝 - 凤梨
Chinese (traditional): 鳳梨 - 菠蘿
Czech: Ananasovník chocholatý
Danish: Almindelig ananas
English: Pineapple, Ananas, Nanas
Filipino: Apangdan, Piña
Finnish: Ananas
French: Ananas
German: Ananas
Guangdong: 鳳梨 - 菠蘿
Hawaiian: Hala kahiki, Hala-kahiki, Hala-'ai
Hong Kong: 鳳梨 - 菠蘿
Hungarian: Termesztett ananász
Indonesian: Nanas, Nenas
Italian: Ananas, Ananasso
Japanese: パイナップル
Java: Nanas
Kannada: Ananas, Anasahannu, Ananasu hannu
Khmer: ម៉ាណេអាស - ម៉ូណេអា Maneas, Moneah
Konkani: Ananas
Korean: 파인애플
Lao: ມັກນັດ - ອານານາສ - ນັດ Maknad, Ananas, Nat
Luxembourgish: Ananas
Macao: 鳳梨 - 菠蘿
Madura: Lanas
Malayalam: Annarachakka, Anassappazham, Kazhuthachakka, Kaithachakka,
Prithichakka, Ananas
Malaysia: Nanas, Nanas pager
Manipuri: Kihom
Marathi: Ananus
Minangkabau: Naneh, Nanèh
Mizo: La-khuih-thei
Oria: Sapuri
Palauan: Ongolngebard
Pashto: اناناس Ananas
Polish: Ananas jadalny
Portuguese: Abacaxi, Ananás
Russian: Ананас настоящий
Sanskrit: Bahunetraphalam, Anamnasam
Sinhala: අන්නාසි Annasi
Slovak: Ananás chochlatý
Spanish: Piña, Ananás
Sumatera: Nanèh
Sunda: Ganas, Danas
Tagalog: Pinya
Taiwan: 鳳梨
Tamil: அன்னாசி - அன்னாசிப்பழம் Annaci, Anasippazham
Tangkhul: Chingomthei
Telugu: Annasapandu
Tetum: Ai-nanas
Thai: สัปปะรด
Turkish: Ananas
Ukrainian: Ананас звичайний
Urdu: عناس Ananas
Vietnam: Dúa, Thom, Quả dứa
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium