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Cempedak (Artocarpus integer)

Dlium Cempedak (Artocarpus integer)

Cempedak (Artocarpus integer) is a plant in Moraceae, monoecious, has a fruit shape, taste and fragrance similar to jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and often interbred naturally in nature, but has a smaller tree size, smaller fruit and bigger leaves.

A. integer is a tree that is always green, height can reach 20 m even though most are only a dozen meters. Branches and shoots have fine, stiff, brownish hair. Leaves thin, rather stiff, 2.5-5x5-25 cm, flat-edged, inverted ovate with base of peg-shaped to rounded and pointed tip. Petiole has a length of 1-3 cm.



Flowers appear on the armpits of the leaves, on large branches, on the main stem and on special short leafy shoots. Male flowers are hump shaped, 1x3-5.5 cm, pale or yellowish green and stalk length 3-6 cm. The female flower head is elongated, embedded 1.5 mm deep in the pivot shaft and the free part is about 3 mm.

Syncarp cylindrical to round, 10-15x20-35 cm, greenish or yellowish to brownish, pyramid-like protrusions of soft spines that are dense or smooth with patches of facet. The fruit is an enlarged and thickened flower, yellowish white to orange, sweet and fragrant, soft-textured, slimy and somewhat fibrous. Spherical or elongated seeds and 2-3 cm long.

Fruit is eaten fresh or processed. Sometimes the fruit and seeds are given flour, sugar and salt to be fried as a snack. Seeds are fried or boiled or baked to be eaten with a mixture of a little salt. Young fruit for vegetables. Good quality wood, strong and durable, so it is often used as building wood, home furnishings, boat materials and dyes for yellow. Fibrous bark is used as a rope and sap to trap birds.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Tribe: Artocarpeae
Genus: Artocarpus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. in Char. Gen. Pl., ed. 2.: 101 (1776)
Species: Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. in Interpr. Herb. Amboin.: 190 (1917)
Variety: Artocarpus integer var. integer, Artocarpus integer var. silvestris Corner

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Artocarpus integrifolius L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 412 (1782)
Artocarpus integrifolius var. hirsutus Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 33o (1812)
Radermachia integra Thunb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 37: 254 (1776)
Sitodium cauliflorum Gaertn. in Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 345 (1788)
Sitodium macrocarpon Thunb. in Philos. Trans. 69: 467 (1779)
Saccus integer (Thunb.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 633 (1891)

PUBLICATIONS

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Aung, Y.L., Aung, M.H., Tan, Y. & Jin, X. (2025). An updated checklist of vascular plants of Myanmar. PhytoKeys 261: 135-364.

Berg, C.C., Corner, E.J.H. & Jarrett, F.M. (2006). Flora Malesiana 17(1): 1-154. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.

Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 529. MIM, Deurne.

Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.

Mao, A.A., Sinha, B.K., Verma, D. & Sarma, N. (2016). Check-List of Flora of Meghalaya: 1-273. Meghalaya Biodiversity Board, Shillong.

Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.

Nurtjahya, E. & al. (2026). Flowering Plants of Bangka Island: Native and Introduced. Acta Botanica Hungarica 68: 127-156.

Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.

Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.

Yuncker, T.G. (1959). Plants of Tonga. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 220: 1-283.

VERNACULAR NAME

Ambon: Anahan
Banjar: Tiwadak
Chinese (simplified): 榴莲蜜
Chinese (traditional): 小波羅蜜
Czech: Chlebovník celokrajný
Dutch: Tjampedak
English: Cempedak, Chempedak
Filipino: Tsempedak
French: Chempédak
Indonesian: Cempedak, Chempedak
Japanese: コパラミツ
Java: Nongko cino
Johor: Baroh
Lampung: Tembedak
Lingga: Baroh
Lithuanian: Indinis duonmedis
Ma'anyan: Nanakan
Makassar: Campada
Malaysia: Bangkong, Cempedak hutan, Cempedak
Melayu: Chămpădak
Minangkabau: Cubadak hutan
Portuguese: Champedaque
Slovak: Chlebovník celistvolistý
Sunda: Nangka beurit, Campedak
Ternate: Towada
Thai: จำปาดะ

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
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