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Gadung (Dioscorea hispida)

Dlium Gadung (Dioscorea hispida)

Gadung (Dioscorea hispida) is a plant species in Dioscoreaceae, shrubs, trunks and climbing on hard-stemmed plants with convoluted direction always turning to the right from the root, 5-20 m long, producing tubers for chips, brownies, wine and others.

D. hispida has a stem of 0.5-1 cm, prickly or not, grayish green and white waxed. The stems have three leaves, 30x28 cm, the five main bones are arranged linearly, round in shape with a blunt base and pointed tip, green, rough surface, thin and limp like paper.



Male flowers are collected in bunches at the armpits of the stalks, branched, soft haired, yellow and fragrant. Compound female flowers are grain and are not branched. Yellow crown and six stamens. The fruit is elliptical, 1 cm in diameter and brown in color.

Bulbs are formed near the surface of the soil, are numerous, irregular in shape, cluster in bundles up to 25 cm wide, have root hair, yellow or light brown skin and white or yellow flesh.

This plant has two varieties that are distinguished by the characteristics of the tuber. Dioscorea hispida var. punel has many tubers each bunch with an area of 7-15 cm to 15-25 cm, white and has a very strong fibers. Dioscorea hispida var. suntil has a larger, denser, white-gray tuber with yellow tuber flesh.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Dioscoreales
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Genus: Dioscorea Plum. ex L. in Sp. Pl.: 1032 (1753)
Species: Dioscorea hispida Dennst. in Schlüssel Hortus Malab.: 33 (1818)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Dioscorea daemona Roxb. in Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 805 (1832)
Dioscorea daemona var. reticulata Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 6: 289 (1892)
Dioscorea hirsuta Blume in Enum. Pl. Javae 1: 21 (1827)
Dioscorea hispida var. daemona (Roxb.) Prain & Burkill in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 14(1): 192 (1936)
Dioscorea hispida var. mollissima (Blume) Prain & Burkill in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 237 (1927)
Dioscorea hispida var. neoscaphoides Prain & Burkill (1927), not validly publ.
Dioscorea hispida var. reticulata (Hook.f.) Prain & Burkill (1927)
Dioscorea hispida var. scaphoides Prain & Burkill (1927)
Dioscorea lunata B.Heyne ex Roth in Nov. Pl. Sp.: 370 (1821)
Dioscorea mollissima Blume (1827)
Dioscorea triphylla var. daemona (Roxb.) Prain & Burkill in J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 10(1): 26 (1914)
Dioscorea triphylla var. mollissima (Blume) Prain & Burkill (1914)
Dioscorea triphylla var. reticulata (Hook.f.) Prain & Burkill (1914)
Dioscorea virosa Wall. ex Klotzsch & Garcke in Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar: 56 (1862)
Helmia daemona (Roxb.) Kunth in Enum. Pl. 5: 439 (1850)
Helmia hirsuta (Blume) Kunth (1850)

PUBLICATIONS

Bhattacharya, R.P., Pal, D.C. & Pati, B.R. (2014). A sytematic census of monocot climbers of Bihar anf Jharkhand states. Indian Journal of Forestry 37: 317-324.

Govaerts, R. (2000). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter D: 1-30141.

Govaerts, R., Wilkin, P. & Saunders, R.M.K. (2007). World Checklist of Dioscoreales. Yams and their allies: 1-65. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Hang, Y.Y. (2020). Dioscoreaceae in China : color-illustrated Chinese and English bilingual edition: 1-476. Jiangsu Phoenix Science and Technology Press.

Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.

Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.

Samanta, A.K. (2006). The genus Dioscorea L. in Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas - a census. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 30: 555-563.

Sudarnadi, H. (1996). Tumbuhan Monokotil. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta. Hal. 107-108

Tanaka, N., Koyama, T. & Murata, J. (2005). The flowering plants of Mt. Popa, central Myanmar - Results of Myanmar-Japanese joint expeditions, 2000-2004. Makinoa 5: 1-102.

Wilkin, P. & Thapyai, C. (2009). Flora of Thailand 10(1): 1-140. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.

VERNACULAR NAME

Aceh: Janèng
Ambon: Ondo
Bali: Gadung
Bima: Gadu
Bugis: Salapa
Burmese: ကျွဲ
Chinese (simplified): 大苦薯 - 白薯莨
Chinese (traditional): 白薯榔 - 大苦薯 - 白薯莨
English: Gadung, Three-leaved Yam, Asiatic bitter yam, Intoxicating yam, Indian three-leaved yam
Filipino: Gayos, Nami, Karot
Gorontalo: Bitule
Hindi: Baichandi, Karu kandu
Indonesian: Gadung, Uwi
Japanese: ミツバドコロ
Java: Gadung, Uwi
Madura: Ghâddhung
Makassar: Sikapa
Malayalam: Bolkande, Podava-kixhangu, Podukkilangu, Venni, Podava Kelengu
Malaysia: Gadog, Gadongan, Ubi arak, Gadong mabok
Marathi: Baichandi, Bhul Kand, Dukar Kand, Vaskand
Minangkabau: Janiang
Mizo: Liliam, Niliam
Nepali: Bhaarlaang, Gittho
Oria: Bainya alu
Sanskrit: Hastyaluka
Sasak: Kapak
Slovak: Dioskorea srstnatá
Sumba: Iwi
Sunda: Gadung
Tagalog: Nami
Tamil: Kavalakodi, Pei Perendai, Periperendai
Telugu: Chanda gadda, Puli dumpa, Tellaagini geddalu, Thella chanda gadda, Thella gadda, Tella gini gadda
Thai: กลอย

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
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