Gelagah (Saccharum spontaneum)

Gelagah or wild cane or Kans grass (Saccharum spontaneum) is a species of plants in Poaceae, chronic large grass, reeds spread widely in the tropics with rhizomes that spread long and erect stems, stout, thick hollow and 2-4 meters high.

S. spontaneum has a broad, green stem that is covered in a layer of white wax. Leaves and midribs have a length of 20 cm or more, purplish in color and triangular ligula with short hairs.

Ribbon-shaped leaves, 50-200 cm long, 3-30 mm wide, green, rough surface and sharp margins, a large white bone runs linearly in the middle, getting to the middle getting bigger and narrowing to the sharp end.

Flowers are collected in branch panicles that are branched, ovoid, dense and 20-50 cm long. Branch-shaped branches, 3-15 cm long, containing pairs of spikelet with a stem and the other sitting. From the base of the spikelet grows long white hairs.

Gelagah grows at an altitude of 0-1,700 m with high rainfall which is usually more than 1,500 mm/year. This grass is easy and fast-growing, adapts well to alluvial soils on river banks to sandy soils in former mines and volcanoes, resistant to drought and flooding.

S. spontaneum is used in controlling soil erosion and reclamation of mined lands, animal feed and elephants. The leaves are dried to make a roof, stems for pulp, shredded shoots for eye medicine and boiled shoots for vegetables.

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Tribe: Andropogoneae
Genus: Saccharum
Species: Saccharum spontaneum
Supspecies: Saccharum spontaneum ssp. aegyptiacum, Saccharum spontaneum ssp. spontaneum

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Awar-awar or Hauli tree or barabar or sirih popar or tobo tobo ( Ficus septica ) is species of plants in Moraceae, trees grow in bushes or in neglected places and sap contained in roots, twigs, leaves and fruit is used to treat poisoning and digestive problems. F. septica is usually 1-5 m high, although in the forest it can be up to 25 m. Round, hollow and bare branches. Roots, twigs, leaves and fruit will emit a yellow sap and sticky if injured. The base of the leaves is large and spiky, arranged alternately or face to face with a stem length of 2.5-5 cm. Large leaf blade, round egg, 9-30x9-16 cm, rounded base and blunt narrow tip, flat-edged, upper side dark green with 6-12 secondary bones pale white. Fruit paired, single or clustered up to 4 items, short-stemmed, at the base has 3 protective leaves, light green or gray green and 1.5 cm in diameter. F. septica is food for 22 animal species including wasps, bats, birds, monkeys and mice as well as seed dispersing vectors. A...

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