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Mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata)

Dlium Mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata)

Mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata) is plant species in Rutaceae, erect, sessile-elliptic leaves and do not have wings or small, small flowers, fruit has a medium size, the skin is easily peeled, the membrane is easily removed, the tip sometimes has a bun, small seeds, polyembrioni, cotyledons and green.

C. reticulata has a height of 2-8 meters, the stem has a round or half round shape, has a branching and has no thorns. Leaves have a stem with a length of 0.5-1.5 cm, have very narrow wings or no wings at all.



The leaves have an elongated, elliptical or lancet shape with a blunt base and a pointed tip like a spear. The upper surface is dark green and shiny, the lower surface is light green, 4-8 cm long and 1.5-4 cm wide.

Flowers have a diameter of 1.5-2.5 cm and a white crown. Ball-shaped fruit with a pressure of 5-8 cm long, 0.2-0.3 cm thick skin and orange flesh. Flowers are pollinated with the help of bees, self-pollinating or parthenocarpy.

Mandarin orange grows in the tropics and subtropics, optimal temperature is 25-30C, optimum humidity is 70-80%, altitude is 100-1300 m, fertile soil, loose, contains a lot of organic matter, high porosity with pH 5-6, rainfall 1500- 2,000 mm/year with 4-7 months rainy season and 4-6 months dry season.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Subfamily: Aurantioideae
Genus: Citrus L. in Sp. Pl.: 782 (1753)
Species: Citrus reticulata Blanco in Fl. Filip.: 610 (1837)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Citrus × nobilis subf. reticulata (Blanco) M.Hiroe in Forest Pl. Hist. Jap. Islands 1: 212 (1974)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Citrus daoxianensis S.W.He & G.F.Liu in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 12: 287 (1990)
Citrus reticulata var. austera Swingle in J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 32: 25 (1942)

PUBLICATIONS

Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.

Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.

Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.

Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2014). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 7: 1-840. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (1999). Flora of Japan IIc: 1-328. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.

Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.

Kokwaro, J.O. (1982). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Rutaceae: 1-52.

Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.

Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.

Monro, A.K., González, F., Santamaría, D., Chacón, O., Rodríguez, A., Solano, D. Zamora, N. & Correa, M. (2011). A first checklist to the vascular plants of La Amistad International Park (PILA), Costa Rica-Panama. Phytotaxa 322: 1-283.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Singh, A. (2012). Exotic flora of the Chandauli district Uttar Pradesh, India: an overview. Indian Journal of Forestry 35: 79-84.

VERNACULAR NAME

Assamese: Komola
Bengali: কমলা Komola
Chinese (simplified): 柑橘
Chinese (traditional): 柑橘
Dutch: Mandarijn
English: Mandarin orange, Mandarin, Tangerine, Orange
Filipino: Sintones
French: Mandarinier
German: Mandarine
Hindi: संतरा - संतारा - नारंगी Santra, Santara, Narangi
Indonesia: Keprok, Jeruk keprok, Jeruk mandarin, Jeruk jepun, Jeruk maseh
Java: Jeram
Kannada: Kitle-hannu gida, Kanchi kaayi, Kitthale, Kodagu Kitthale, Nagpuri, Naarangi
Khmer: ក្រូចឃ្វិច Krauch kvich
Korean: 귤나무
Lao: ສົ້ມຮ້ອນ - ສົ້ມລອດ - ຫຼຽວ Som hot, Som lot, Liou
Malayalam: Orange, Madhuranaranga, Madhuranaranna
Malaysia: Limau langkat, Limau kupas, Limau wangkang
Manipuri: Komla
Marathi: Santra, Zambari, Santara, Narangi
Mizo: Serthlum
Oria: Kamala
Polish: Mandarynka
Russian: Цитрус сетчатый
Slovak: Citrónovník sieťkovaný
Tamil: கமலப்பாலம் - நாரங்கம் Kamalappalam, Narangam
Telugu: Kamala Phala, Naarinja
Thai: ส้มเขียวหวาน - ส้มแสงทอง - มะบัง Som khieo waan, Som saengthong, Ma baang
Turkish: Mandalina Ağacı
Urdu: سنٹارا Santara
Vietnam: Cam sành, Cây quit

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
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