Walangan or culantro (Eryngium foetidum) is a plant species in Apiaceae, biennial herb, upright stem, 15-45 cm high, sturdy, green, grows well in waste places, cultivation areas, along roadsides and is considered a troublesome weed by the thorny leaves.
E. foetidum has rosulus and cauline leaves, lancet to oblong blades, up to 30 cm long, up to 5 cm wide, wrinkled to spinuloseserrate, sharp, a bone in the center, dark green and shiny.
The inflorescences are multi-head and cylindrical, 10x5 mm, lanceolate involucral bracts, exceed the head and are usually 2-3 cm long. The petals are white or greenish. The fruit is greenish, subglobose and 1.5 mm in diameter.
This plant is widely used in seasoning and marination. The plant dries well, retains good color and taste so it is valuable in the dry herb industry. It is sometimes used as a substitute for cilantro, but has a stronger taste.
This plant has been used in traditional medicine for burns, earaches, fever, hypertension, constipation, fits, asthma, stomach pain, intestinal worms, complications of infertility, snake bites, diarrhea, and malaria.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Subfamily: Saniculoideae
Tribe: Saniculeae
Genus: Eryngium Tourn. ex L. in Sp. Pl.: 233 (1753)
Subgenus: Monocotyloidea
Species: Eryngium foetidum L. in Sp. Pl.: 232 (1753)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Eryngium antihystericum Rottler in Acta Lit. Univ. Hafn. 1: 288 (1778)
PUBLICATIONS
Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.
Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá: 1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
Dassanayake (ed.) (1981). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 3: 1-499. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter E-F: 1-50919.
Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (2001). Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2020). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 4(1): 1-904. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
Lautenschläger, T. & al (2020). New records for the flora of Angola: observations from Uíge and Cuanza Norte. Plant ecology and evolution 153: 132-142.
Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.
Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2024). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 5: 1-432. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Sikarwar, R.L.S. (2014). Angiosperm diversity assessment of Chitrakootthe legendary place of Vindhyan range, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 38: 563-619.
Smith, A.C. (1985). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 3: 1-758. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
T. Smitinand & K. Larsen, eds. (1987). Flora of Thailand 5: 1-470. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
Townsend, C.C. (1989). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Umbelliferae: 1-127.
Trusty, J.L., Kesler, H.C. & Delgado, G.H. (2006). Vascular flora of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 57: 247-355.
Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.) (1948-1954). Flora Malesiana 4: 1-631. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.
Van Wyk, B.-E., Tilney, P.M. & Magee, A.R. (2013). African Apiaceae: a synopsis of the Apiaceae/Umbelliferae of Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar: 1- 317. Briza Academic Books, Pretoria.
Villaseñor, J.L. (2016). Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.
Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2005). Flora of China 14: 1-581. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
VERNACULAR NAME
Angami: Dunia
Assamese: Man-dhania, Bon-dhania, Dhania, Jongali memedo
Australia: Thai coriander
Bengali: বন ধোনিয়া Bon dhonia
Chinese (simplified): 越南香菜 - 刺芫荽
Chinese (traditional): 刺芹 - 假芫荽 - 越南香菜
Czech: Máčka smrdutá
Dutch: Stinkdistel
English: Culantro, Thai coriander, Sawtooth Coriander
Estonian: Koriander-ogaputk
Filipino: Culantro
Finnish: Salaattipiikkiputki
French: Coriandre longue
German: Langer Koriander
Hindi: बन धनिया - बहखावर Ban dhania, Bahkhawr
Hmar: Bachikhawm
Hungarian: Hozzu koriander
Indonesian: Culantro, Walangan, Ketumbar jawa
Japanese: オオバコエンドロ
Java: Walangan, Walangi, Tumbar mungsi
Kannada: Kaadu kotthambari
Malayalam: Malli cheera
Malaysia: Ketumbar jawa
Manado: Culantro
Manipuri: Awa phadigom, Sa-maroi
Mizo: Bahkhawr
Nepali: बान धनिया - बन्धना Ban dhania, Bandhana
Oria: Jangli dhania, Kataki dhania, Bilaiti dhania
Portuguese: Coentro-bravo, Nhambi
Russian: Синеголовник пахучий
Sinhala: බොන් දෝනියා Bon dōniyā
Spanish: Culantro, Chillangua
Sumatera: Ketumbar jawa
Tagalog: Culantro
Tamil: போன் தோனியா Phone thoaniyaa
Tangkhul: Kashat Phatekom, Lam Sachikom
Thai: ผักชีฝรั่ง
Vietnam: Ngo gai
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