Ireng polypore (Amauroderma rugosum)

Ireng polypore (Amauroderma rugosum) is a species of fungus in the Polyporaceae, wood rot that eats rotting branches and trunks of trees, consisting of stamps and stypes, wood-textured, coarse or corky, black in color, round or almost round spores with double wall structures has a U-shaped thickening.

A. rugosum has a stamp in the shape of a circle or approaching a circle, thick, flat, horizontal, black in color, the upper surface has white or silver lines or circles, vaguely with a circular trench.

The margins have folds. The bottom surface is black. Ireng polypore has the stipe of standing upright, vertical, cylindrical, not straight, irregular, sturdy, woody and brown in color.

A. rugosum lives in the tropics, on rotting wood in the shade between litter and rocks, grows in the rainy season, is solitary and lasts a long time.

Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Subphylum: Agaricomycotina
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Polyporales
Family: Polyporaceae
Genus: Amauroderma
Species: Amauroderma rugosum

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica)

Alang-alang or cogon grass ( Imperata cylindrica ) is a plant species in Poaceae, annual grass, sharp leaf, long buds and scaly, creeping under the ground, very adaptive and grows in all climates which often become weeds on agricultural land. I. cylindrica has a sharp pointed tip of the bud and emerges from the ground, height of 0.2-1.5 m but in other places it may be more, short stems, rising up to the ground and flowering white or purplish, often with wreath of hair under the segment. Leaf strands in the form of long ribbons, lancet-tipped with a narrow base and gutter-shaped, 12-80 cm long, very coarse edge and jagged sharply, long hair at the base with broad, pale leaf bones in the middle. The flowers are panicles, 6-28 cm long with long-haired and white-colored ears for 1 cm which are used as a tool to blow off the fruit when ripe. Cogon grass breeds quickly with seeds that spread quickly with the wind or through rhizomes that quickly penetrate the soil. Alang-alang does...

Ralph Holzenthal caddisfly (Rhyacophila lignumvallis) from Corsica in Rhyacophila tristis (Schmid 1970) group

NEWS - Ralph Holzenthal caddisfly ( Rhyacophila lignumvallis Graf & Rázuri-Gonzales, sp. nov.) from the island of Corsica (France) was established as a new species in the Rhyacophila tristis (Schmid 1970) group based on morphological analysis and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI), including sequences from 16 of the 28 species in the group. Rhyacophila Pictet 1834 with 814 living and 30 fossil species is the largest genus of caddisflies in the world, distributed mainly in the northern hemisphere, but also in temperate and tropical India and Southeast Asia. One of the groups is the R. tristis group in the branch Rhyacophila invaria . R. lignumvallis is most similar to Rhyacophila pubescens Pictet 1834, Rhyacophila tsurakiana Malicky 1984, Rhyacophila ligurica Oláh & Vinçon 2021, Rhyacophila harmasa Oláh & Vinçon 2021 and Rhyacophila abruzzica Oláh & Vinçon 2021. However, R. lignumvallis differs in the shape of the X tergum, the dorsal arm ...

Solanum chrysotrichum and Solanum torvum, the differences

SPECIES HEAD TO HEAD - Nightshades ( Solanum L.) is a large genus of over 1230 officially recorded species that grow worldwide, especially in the tropics. Two species, the giant devil's fig ( Solanum chrysotrichum Schltdl.) and the Turkey berry ( Solanum torvum Sw.) have similar flowers and fruits. To differentiate, you need the size of the leaves. S. chrysotrichum is a small to medium-sized tree and grows mostly at elevations of 1500-2500 meters. The leaves are up to 68 cm long, up to 65 cm wide and the petioles are up to 27 cm long. S. torvum is a shrub to small tree and grows mostly at elevations of 0-1000 meters. The leaves are about 19 cm long, about 15 cm wide and the petioles are about 5 cm long. By Aryo Bandoro Founder of Dlium.com . You can follow him on X: @Abandoro . Read more: Solanum chrysotrichum Solanum torvum

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