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Cangkring (Erythrina fusca)

Dlium Cangkring (Erythrina fusca)

Cangkring (Erythrina fusca) is a plant species in Fabaceae, a large tree with fallen leaves, 10-20 m high, cylindrical and woody, grayish in color, rough surface with sparse branches and equipped with black thorns. Single root and brownish white.

E. fusca has an erect stem, sympodial branching and sharp spines. Compound leaves with three strands, ovate with blunt tip and base, flat edge, 6-11 cm long, 3-8 cm wide and 10-15 cm stalk. The veins in the middle with several pinnate veins, glossy green upper surface and pale green lower surface.





Compound flowers, light orange, grow at the tip of the stem, cylindrical stalk and 2-3 cm long. The petals are tubular, have a slit tip and are pale green in color. Stamens 3 cm long, red in color, kidney-shaped anthers and yellow. The pistil is cylindrical, 3 cm long, white, oval and yellow in color. The crown is butterfly shaped and red.

Fruit pods, brown, 14-21 cm long, 1-2 cm wide. The seeds are oval, 1-1.5 cm long, 0.7-0.9 cm in diameter, black on the outside, white on the inside.

Cangkring grows in forests, river banks, beaches, swamps and other places up to an elevation of 700 m. Spread from dry to humid tropics through dry subtropics to wet forested areas.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Phaseoleae
Genus: Erythrina L. in Sp. Pl.: 706 (1753)
Species: Erythrina fusca Lour. in Fl. Cochinch.: 427 (1790)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Corallodendron fuscum (Lour.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 172 (1891)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Corallodendron glaucum (Willd.) Kuntze (1891)
Corallodendron ovalifolium (Roxb.) Kuntze (1891)
Corallodendron patens (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Kuntze (1891)
Duchassaingia glauca (Willd.) Walp. in Linnaea 23: 742 (1850)
Duchassaingia ovalifolia (Roxb.) Walp. (1850)
Erythrina afra Blanco in Fl. Filip., ed. 2.: 394 (1845)
Erythrina argentea Blume ex Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 207 (1855)
Erythrina atrosanguinea Ridl. in J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 59: 93 (1911)
Erythrina fusca var. inermis (Pulle) Rock in Legum. Pl. Hawaii: 188 (1920)
Erythrina glauca Willd. in Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 428 (1801)
Erythrina moelebei Vieill. ex Guillaumin & Beauvis. in Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 38: 87 (1914)
Erythrina ovalifolia Roxb. in Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 254 (1832)
Erythrina ovalifolia var. inermis Pulle in Nova Guinea 8: 651 (1912)
Erythrina patens Moc. & Sessé ex DC. in Prodr. 2: 414 (1825)

PUBLICATIONS

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. & Atha, D.E. (2000). Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize with Common Names an Uses: 1-246. New York Botanic Garden Press, New York.

Balslev, H. & Chantaranothai, P. (2023). Flora of Thailand 4(3.3.): 489-715. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.

Banks, R.C. (ed.) (1982). Wildlife and wildlife habitat of American Samoa 2: 1-151. U.S. Fisch and Wildlife services, Washington.

Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.

Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2009). Nova silva cusatlantica. Árboles nativos e introduciados de El Salvador. Parte 1: Angiospermae - Familias A a L. Englera 29-1: 1-438.

Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.

Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.

D'Arcy, W.G. (1987). Flora of Panama. Checklist and Index.. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 17: 1-328. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Du Puy, D.J., Labat, N.-N., Rabevohitra, R., Villiers, J.-F., Bosser, J. & Moat, J. (2002). The Leguminosae of Madagascar: 1-737. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.

Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.

Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.

Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter E-F: 1-50919.

Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.

Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánes, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria. http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html.

Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Lock, J.M. & Heald, J. (1994). Legumes of Indo-China a check-list: 1-164. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Molino, J.-F., Sabatier, D., Grenand, P., Engel, J., Frame, D., Delprete, P.G., Fleury, M., Odonne, G., Davy, D., Lucas, E.J. & Martin, C.A. (2022). An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature. Adansonia, sér. 3, 44: 345-903.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.

Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Polhill, R.M. (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 80: 1-235. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.

Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (1946). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana Botany New Series 24(5): 1-502. Field Museum of Natural History.

Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Trusty, J.L., Kesler, H.C. & Delgado, G.H. (2006). Vascular flora of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 57: 247-355.

Velayos, M. & al. (eds.) (2015). Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial 5: 1-529. Consejo superior de investigaciones científicas, Real jardín botánico, Madrid.

Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.

Zhu, X.Y., Zhang, R.P. & He, Y.L. (eds.) (2021). An inventory of legume species diversity of Myanmar: 1-297. China Minzu university press.

da Silva e Silva, W.L., Cajueiro Gurgel, E.S., Moreira dos Santos, J.U. & Falcão da Silva, M. (2013). Inventário e distribuição geográfica de Leguminosae no arquipélago de Marajó, PA, Brazil. Hoehnea 40: 627-647.

de la Estrella, M., Cabezas, F.J., Aedo, C. & Velayos, M. (2010). The Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) of Equatorial Guinea (Annobón, Bioko and Río Muni). Folia Geobotanica 45: 1-57.

VERNACULAR NAME

Betawi: Dadap petis
Bugis: Rase
English: Cangkring, Purple coraltree, Coral bean, Swamp immortelle
Filipino: Anii, Korung-korung
Finnish: Loimukorallipuu
French: Bois immortel, Immortelle blanche
Indonesia: Cangkring
Java: Cangkring, Dadap ri
Khmer: Rolouohs p-ông'
Lao: Thong 'lang
Makassar: Kane
Melayu: Cengkering, Chengkring, Dedap duri, Galada ayer
Palauan: Roro
Samarinda: Ngareer
Sasak: Rope
Slovak: Koralník hnedý
Spanish: Poró copey, Madre de agua, Búcaro
Sulaweasi: Cangkring, Kane
Sunda: Dadap cucuk, Dadap rangrang, Dadap cangkring
Thai: คังกริ่ง - ทองหลางน้ำ
Vietnam: Đậu san hô

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