Skip to main content

Kashmir tree (Gmelina arborea)

Dlium Kashmir tree (Gmelina arborea)

White teak or Kashmir tree (Gmelina arborea) is a species of plant in the Lamiaceae, a large tree with a straight, cylindrical trunk, branched, hardwood, white bark, mainly used for the production of high quality wood.

G. arborea has heart-shaped leaves, length about 27 cm, width about 21 cm, margins flat, base flat, tip pointed, a large vein in the middle with many small pinnate veins, green on top and pale green underside and stalk length about 27 cm.





Flowering and fruiting every year. The fruit ripens in 1.5 months after flowering. The fruit is round, fleshy, 20-35 mm long, shiny skin, soft mesocarp, slightly sweet taste.

The seeds are very hard like stones, 16-25 mm long, smooth surface and green or yellow in color, one end is round, the other is pointed, 4 spaces, 1000 stone seeds weigh 400 grams.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Subfamily: Premnoideae
Genus: Gmelina L. in Sp. Pl.: 626 (1753)
Species: Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 16: n.° 4 (1810)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Gmelina rheedei Hook. in Bot. Mag. 74: t. 4395 (1848)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Gmelina arborea var. canescens Haines in Forest Fl. Chota Nagpur: 82 (1910)
Gmelina arborea f. dentata Moldenke in Phytologia 8: 14 (1961)
Gmelina arborea var. glaucescens C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 582 (1885)
Gmelina oblongifolia Roxb. in Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 83 (1832)
Gmelina sinuata Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 128 (1822)
Premna arborea Roth in Nov. Pl. Sp.: 287 (1821)

PUBLICATIONS

Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.

Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.

Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.

Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1-533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.

Fernandes, R. & Diniz, M.A. (2005). Avicenniaceae, Nesogenaceae, Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae (subfams, Viticoideae and Ajugoideae). Flora Zambesiaca 8(7): 1-161. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Franck, A.R., Anderson, L.C., Burkhalter, J.R. & Dickman, S. (2016). Additions to the flora of Florida, U.S.A. (2010-2015). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 10: 175-190.

Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].

Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2015). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen VIII. Dicotyledóneas (Sabiaceae-Zygophyllaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 131: 1-657. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.

Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.

Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.

Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Smith, A.C. (1991). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 1-626. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.

Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.

de Kok, R. (2012). A revision of the genus Gmelina (Lamiaceae). Kew Bulletin 67: 293-329.

VERNACULAR NAME

Assamese: Gomari
Bengali: গাম্বার Gamar
Burmese: ယီမန် Yemane
Chinese (simplified): 云南石梓
Chinese (traditional): 雲南石梓 - 印度石梓
English: Kashmir tree, Gamhar, Beechwood, Goomar teak, White teak
Finnish: Intianjemane
Gujarati: Shevan
Hindi: गमरी - गम्हार - गुमड़ी - गंभरी - भद्रपर्णी Gamari, Gamhar, Gumadi, Gambhari, Bhadraparni
Indonesian: Jati putih
Kannada: Shivani, Shivane, Seevanni, Kooli, Kumati, Kumbadi, Hucchunarave,
Kumbale, Gamaari, Kaashmiri mara, Shivanimara
Khasi: Dieng lophiang
Konkani: Sirni, Shivan, Sini
Malayalam: Kumbil, Kumizh, Kumpil
Manipuri: Wang
Marathi: Sivan, Shivan, Thorshivani
Mizo: Thlanvawng
Naga: Imbeh ching
Nepali: कामारी Kamari
Oriya: Bhodropornni, Butalo, Thlanvawng
Punjabi: Gumhar
Sanskrit: Gambharee, Gambhari, Madhumatee, Kashmaree, Kashmiri, Sarvatobhadraa, Madhuparnikaa, Bhadraparnee, Sriparnee, Kumudaa, Sindhuparni, Sindhuveshanam, Stulatvacha
Sinhala: කුමලාමරම් Kumalāmaram
Tamil: குமளமரம் - குமுதை - கும்பல் - பெரு-ன்-குமில் Kumalaamaram, Kumutai, Kumpal, Peru-n-kumil
Tangkhul: Edanthing
Telugu: Peddagumudutekku, Pedda gumudu teku

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
Web: https://www.dlium.com
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
Labels:

Popular Posts

Sea almond (Terminalia catappa)

Ketapang or tropical almond or beach almond or talisay tree or umbrella tree or sea almond ( Terminalia catappa ) is a species of plant in the Combretaceae, a shady tree, fast growing, forming a multilevel canopy, often used as a shade tree in gardens and on roadsides. T. catappa grows large, up to 40 meters in height and up to 1.5 meters in trunk, shady canopy with branches that grow flat and terraced, young trees often look like pagodas while old and large trees often have aerial roots up to 3 meters. The leaves are scattered, mostly at the end of the twig, rounded egg upside down, 8-38 cm long, 5-19 cm wide, the tip is wide, the base is narrow, the upper surface is smooth, green but turns red if to fall out and short stalks. The flowers are small, collected near the tips of the twigs, 8-25 cm long and green-yellow in color. The flowers are not crowned, the petals have five taju, are plate or bell shaped, 4-8 mm long and are white or cream in color. Stamens in two circles and arra...
Read more

Asian foxtail (Uraria crinita)

Asian foxtail or cat's tail bean ( Uraria crinita ) is a species of plant in Fabaceae, a perennial, upright shrub with woody stems at least at the base, up to 2 meters high in forests, agricultural land, waterways, used as a medicinal herb, green manure and sometimes planted in the garden as an ornamental plant. U. crinita has elongated leaves, rounded base, pointed tip, a bone in the middle with several pinnate veins, rough surface, dark green with white spots. Petiole short or less than 0.5 cm and brownish red. Compound flower in spike shape, purple and white triangular crown. Long flower stalk, erect, 15-20 cm long and only at the end of the flower. The crown slowly falls off and leaves behind a stalk that is shaped like coir or light yellow pads. Asian foxtail grows in dry grasslands, open forests, trash cans, roadsides, sandy areas and sometimes in deciduous forests, elevations of 0-1500 meters and does not grow in waterlogged places. The different parts are often used in t...
Read more

Brazilian vervain (Verbena brasiliensis)

Brazilian vervain ( Verbena brasiliensis ) is a species of plant in the Verbenaceae, an annual shrub with erect stems, up to 1 meter high, triangular or semi-spherical in shape with sharp corners, green, white-haired, lower branches in an opposite arrangement, branches above grows in an irregular formation. V. brasiliensis has elongated leaves, up to 20 cm long, up to 4 cm wide, sharp tip, deeply serrated or flat margins, dark green in color, a main vein in the middle and whitish in color, several minor veins laterally, rough and stiff surface. Inflorescences in panicles at the end of a long stalk up to 5 cm long. The flower petals are 3 mm long, 5 lobed and tubular in shape. The corolla is formed from fused petals and spreads open at the tip, only slightly longer than the calyx. Flowers have reproductive organs of both sexes. Superior and bicarpellary ovaries. The fruit is a schizocarp or dried fruit that splits when ripe. Wrapped in petals. Nutlets are triangular in cross-sec...
Read more