Brun parasol (Chlorophyllum brunneum)

Brun parasol (Chlorophyllum brunneum) is a species of fungus in the Agaricaceae, growing widely across latitudes, umbrella canopies, ringed pillars, predominantly white in color, large in size, poisonous and produces severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea.

C. brunneum has an umbrella-shaped spongy pileus, round, flat top, convex or concave, whitish color with rough brownish scales. The gills are white and will turn dark or linearly streaked with maturity. The stipe is 5-20 cm tall, has a ring, 2-3 cm in diameter, is white and darkens with maturity.

Chlorophyllum brunneum thrives on manure in yards and parks, solitary or crammed into an area, often emerging from between grasses in temperate, subtropical and tropical highlands around the world.

Chlorophyllum is a poisonous mushroom most commonly eaten by its resemblance to other agricultural mushrooms. Symptoms of poisoning are mostly gastrointestinal with vomiting, diarrhea and colic.

Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Subphylum: Agaricomycotina
Class: Agaricomycetes
Subclass: Agaricomycetidae
Order: Agaricales
Suborder: Agaricineae
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Chlorophyllum
Species: Chlorophyllum brunneum

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) manufacture bubble-nets as tools to increase prey intake

NEWS - Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) create bubble net tools while foraging, consisting of internal tangential rings, and actively control the number of rings, their size, depth and horizontal spacing between the surrounding bubbles. These structural elements of the net increase prey intake sevenfold. Researchers have known that humpback whales create “bubble nets” for hunting, but the new report shows that the animals also manipulate them in a variety of ways to maximize catches. The behavior places humpbacks among the rare animals that make and use their own tools. “Many animals use tools to help them find food, but very few actually make or modify these tools themselves,” said Lars Bejder, director of the Marine Mammal Research Program (MMRP), University of Hawaii at Manoa. “Humpback whales in southeast Alaska create elaborate bubble nets to catch krill. They skillfully blow bubbles in patterns that form a web with internal rings. They actively control details such ...

False nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica)

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Devil's backbone (Euphorbia tithymaloides)

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