Jahe or ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a plant species in the Zingiberaceae, a low shrub, finger-shaped rhizomes that bulge in the middle segments, often used as spices and raw materials for traditional medicine, the dominant spicy taste felt from ginger is caused by ketone compounds. named zingeron.
Z. officinale has a pseudo-stem with a height of 30-100 cm. The roots are rhizome-shaped, bubbly, often appear above the soil surface, the outer skin is brown, the inner flesh is yellow to reddish and has a pungent aroma.
Leaves have pseudo-stems, hairy, divided into small units, ribbon-shaped, pinnate, oppositely seated, 15-23 cm long, 8-15 mm wide and green.
Flowers grow from the ground, oval in shape, 3.5-5 cm long, 1.5-1.75 cm wide, yellowish green and reddish. The flower stalk has 5-7 scales. The crown is yellowish or white or purple and reddish, the stigma is purple and the pistil is 2 stalks.
This species thrives at an elevation of 0-1500 meters in a tropical climate, 2500-3000 mm/year rainfall, 80% humidity, PH 5.5-7.0, high nutrients and should not be flooded.
Plants contain geraniol, sesquiterpenes, kadinol, limonene, zingerone compounds, essential oils, farnesol, aspartic acid, chlorogenic acid.
The roots are used to treat sore throats, coughs, colic, diarrhea, influenza, rheumatism, aches, back and stomach pain, increase appetite, worms, endurance, Alzheimer's therapy, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemia, antihypertension.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Subfamily: Zingiberoideae
Tribe: Zingibereae
Genus: Zingiber Mill. in Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4.: [s.p.] (1754)
Section: Zingiber
Species: Zingiber officinale Roscoe in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 348 (1807)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Amomum angustifolium Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 4 (1796)
Amomum zingiber L. in Sp. Pl.: 1 (1753)
Zingiber zingiber (L.) H.Karst. in Deut. Fl.: 471 (1880)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Amomum zinziba Hill in Veg. Syst., ed. 16: 50 (1770)
Zingiber aromaticum Noronha in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 28 (1790)
Zingiber blancoi Hassk. in Flora 47: 20 (1864)
Zingiber cholmondeleyi (F.M.Bailey) K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 46: 172 (1904)
Zingiber confine Miq. in J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 94 (1861)
Zingiber missionis Wall. ex Baker in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 6: 246 (1892)
Zingiber officinale var. cholmondeleyi F.M.Bailey in Queensland Agric. J. 6: 498 (1900)
Zingiber officinale var. macrorhizonum Makino in J. Jap. Bot. 8: 45 (1933)
Zingiber officinale f. macrorhizonum (Makino) M.Hiroe in Pl. Basho Buson Hokku Lit. 8: 258 (1971)
Zingiber officinale var. rubens Makino (1933)
Zingiber officinale f. rubens (Makino) M.Hiroe (1971)
Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade in Gard. Bull. Singapore 48: 218 (1996 publ. 1998)
Zingiber officinale var. sichuanense (Z.Y.Zhu, S.L.Zhang & S.X.Chen) Z.Y.Zhu, S.L.Zhang & S.X.Chen in Fl. Sichuanica 10: 624 (1992)
Zingiber sianginensis Tatum & A.K.Das in Pleione 10: 169 (2016)
Zingiber sichuanense Z.Y.Zhu, S.L.Zhang & S.X.Chen in Bull. Sichuan School Chin. Mater. Med. 9(1): 39 (1987)
PUBLICATIONS
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
Ahmed, Z.U. (ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh 12: 1-505. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.
Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
Govaerts, R. (2004). World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS: 1-54382. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Larsen, K. (1996). A prelimanary checklist of the Zingiberaceae of Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 24: 35-49.
Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Nguyen, Q.B. (2017). Thực Vật Chí Việt Nam. Flora of Vietnam 21: 1-489. Nhà xuất bản khoa học và kỹ thuật, Hà Nội.
Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
Tripathi, S. & Singh, K.K. (2006). Taxonomic revision of the genus Zingiber Boehm. in North-East India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 30: 520-532.
VERNACULAR NAME
Aceh: Haila
Amahai: Hairalo
Ambon: Pusu, Seeia, Sehi, Siwe
Angami: Kebvu, Kevu
Arabic: زنجبيل
Armenian: Կոճապղպեղ
Aru: Laian
Assamese: Ada
Austria: Ingwer
Bali: Jae, Jahi
Banda: Sohi
Banjar: Tipakan
Bare'e Tojo: Goraka
Bare'e: Siwei
Bengali: আদা Ada
Bima: Reja
Boul: Yuyo
Bugis: Pace
Buns: Siwew
Bunun: Duduk
Buol: Yuyo
Chinese (simplified): 姜 - 生姜
Chinese (traditional): 薑
Czech: Zázvorovník lékařský
Danish: ægte ingefær
Dayak: Lai
Dutch: Gember
English: Ginger, Ginger root, Common ginger
Filipino: Luya, Baseng, Laya
Finnish: Mausteinkivääri
Flores: Lea
French: Gingembre
Gayo: Beuing
German: Ingwer
Gorontalo: Melito
Gujarati: Adu, Sunth
Hila: Sehi
Hindi: अदरक - अदरक Adarak, Adrak
Indonesian: Jahe, Jahe Merah, Halia
Italian: Zenzero
Japanese: ショウガ
Java: Jae, Jahe
Kangean: Jae
Kannada: Alla, Shunthi, Shunti
Karo: Bahing
Khmer: Khnhei, Khnhei phlung
Komering: Lahya
Korean: 생강
Lampung: Jahi
Lao: Khing
Latin: Gingiberi. Zingiber
Lubu: Page
Madura: Jhai
Makassar: Laia, Leya
Malayalam: Andrakam, Chukku, Erukizhangu, Inchi, Enchi
Malaysia: Haliya, Jahi, Atuja
Mandailing: Sipode
Manipuri: Shing
Marathi: Alha, Aale
Melayu: Alia
Minangkabau: Sipodeh
Mizo: Sawhthing
Mongondow: Jahe, Layu
Myanmar: Gyin
Nepali: अडुवा Aduwa
Nias: Lahia
North Sulawesi: Goraka
Nusa Laut: Sehil
Oria: Ada
Palauan: Kesolrangebard, Sionga
Papua: Tali, Marman
PNG: Kawawar, Kawawari
Polish: Imbir lekarski
Poros: Moyuman
Portuguese: Gengibre
Russian: Имбирь аптечный
Sanskrit: Adraka, Shunti
Shona: Tsanamidzi
Sinhala: ඉඟුරු
Slovak: Dumbier lekársky, Zázvor
South Sulawesi: Laiya
Spanish: Jengibre
Sumba: Alia
Sunda: Jahe
Swedish: Ingefära
Tagalog: Luya
Tamil: இங்கே - இன்ஜி Ingee, Inji
Tangkhul: Hui
Telugu: Allam, Allamu, Allamu chettu, Shonti
Ternate: Garaka, Woraka
Thai: Khing, Khing-daeng
Tidore: Gora
Toba: Pege
Turkish: Zencefil
Urdu: Adrak, Adi
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