Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis jalapa)

Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis jalapa) is a plant species in the Nyctaginaceae, herbaceous perennial, 20-80 cm high, thick stem, quadrangular with many branches and rooted in knots and postures often flat, tubers blackish brown with a white filling and elongated round shape with a size of 7–9 cm and 2–5 cm in diameter

M. jalapa has blackish brown tubers, white inside, elongated round shape, 7-9 cm long and 2-5 cm in diameter. Leaves are heart-shaped, green, 2-11 cm long and 1-7 cm wide. Leaf base rounded, tapered tip and flat edge. Leaf stalks are 1-6 cm long.



The flowers are trumpet-shaped and come in many colors including red, white and yellow. Single seeded fruit, round, hard, wrinkled, yellow-green when young and black when ripe.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nyctaginaceae
Genus: Mirabilis Riv. ex L. in Sp. Pl.: 177 (1753)
Species: Mirabilis jalapa L. in Sp. Pl.: 177 (1753)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Mirabilis jalapa f. eujalapa Heimerl in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 617 (1896)
Nyctago hortensis Dum.Cours. in Bot. Cult. 1: 654 (1802)
Nyctago jalapae (L.) DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3. 3: 426 (1805)
Nyctago versicolor Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 57 (1796)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Jalapa congesta Moench in Methodus: 508 (1794)
Jalapa dichotoma (L.) Crantz in Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 202 (1766)
Jalapa officinalis Crantz (1766)
Jalapa officinalis Garsault in Fig. Pl. Méd.: t. 20b (1764)
Jalapa officinarum J.Martyn in Hist. Pl. Rar. 1: t. 1 (1768)
Jalapa undulata Moench in Suppl. Meth.: 196 (1802)
Mirabilis ambigua Trautv. in Index Seminum (KIEV, Kioviensi) 1840: 6 (1840)
Mirabilis cordata Brouss. ex Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 2 (1819)
Mirabilis dichotoma L. in Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 931 (1759)
Mirabilis divaricata Lowe in Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 4: 17 (1831)
Mirabilis divaricata var. uniflora (Schrank) Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 428 (1849)
Mirabilis hybrida Lepell. in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 481 (1806)
Mirabilis jalapa var. ambigua (Trautv.) Choisy (1849)
Mirabilis jalapa subsp. ciliata Standl. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 368 (1909)
Mirabilis jalapa f. dichlamydomorpha (Makino) Hiyama in J. Jap. Bot. 36: 62 (1961)
Mirabilis jalapa var. dichlamydomorpha Makino in J. Jap. Bot. 7: 4 (1931)
Mirabilis jalapa var. jalapa
Mirabilis jalapa subsp. lindheimeri Standl. (1909)
Mirabilis jalapa var. lindheimeri (Standl.) Cory in Rhodora 38: 405 (1936)
Mirabilis jalapa var. odorata (L.) Heimerl (1896)
Mirabilis jalapa f. parviflora Heimerl in Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79(1): 235 (1908)
Mirabilis jalapa var. planiflora (Trautv.) Choisy (1849)
Mirabilis jalapa var. procera (Bertol.) Choisy (1849)
Mirabilis jalapa subsp. volcanica Standl. (1909)
Mirabilis lindheimeri (Standl.) Shinners in Field & Lab. 19: 175 (1951)
Mirabilis odorata L. in Cent. Pl. I: 7 (1755)
Mirabilis parviflora O.Targ.Tozz. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 535 (1821)
Mirabilis pedunculata Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 311 (1812)
Mirabilis planiflora Trautv. in Index Seminum (KIEV, Kioviensi) 1839: 3 (1839)
Mirabilis procera Bertol. in Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bononiensis 3: 15 (1839)
Mirabilis pubescens Zipp. ex Span. in Linnaea 15: 342 (1841)
Mirabilis undulata Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 1: 796 (1840)
Mirabilis uniflora Schrank in Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 2: 84 (1822)
Mirabilis xalapa Noronha in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 20 (1790)
Nyctago dichotoma (L.) Dum.Cours. (1802)
Nyctago mirabilis J.St.-Hil. in Expos. Fam. Nat. 1: 212 (1805)
Trimista levigata Raf. in Autik. Bot.: 12 (1840)

PUBLICATIONS

(2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm127.2020.1673. epublication.

(2023). https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2023.94.5014. epublication.

(2024). https://doi.org/10.22092/BOT.J.IRAN.2024.367660.1406. epublication.

(2024). https://doi.org/10.2478/stapfia-2024-0003. epublication.

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VERNACULAR NAME

Afrikaans: Vieruurblom, Vieruurtjie, Vieruurtjies
Ambon: Kupa oras
Arabic: أعجوبة البيرو - شب الليل
Assamese: Godhuli Gopal
Australia: Four o'clock
Bali: Noja
Basque: Gau-lore
Bengali: সন্ধ্যা মালতী Sandhya malati
Catalan: Flor de nit
Chinese (simplified): 地雷花 - 紫茉莉
Chinese (traditional): 紫茉莉 - 黃花紫茉莉
Croatian: Noćna dama, Noćna frajla, Peruanski noćurak
Czech: Nocenka zahradní
Danish: Vidunderblomst
Divehi: ޢަސުރުމާ
Dutch: Nachtschone
English: Marvel of Peru, Beauty-of-the-night, False jalap, Four o'clock, Four o'clock flower, Four-o'clock, Four-o'clocks, Marvel-of-Peru, Japanese wonder flower
Finnish: Mökinihmekukka
French: Belle-de-nuit, Belle-de-nuit commune, Faux jalape, Merveille du Pérou
German: Wunderblume
Greek: Δειλινό
Hebrew: לילנית רב גונית
Hindi: गुलाबश - गुल अब्बास - गुलबख्शी Gulabash, Gul abbas, Gulbakshi
Hong Kong: 紫茉莉
Hungarian: Nagy csodatölcsér
Indonesian: Bunga pukul empat
Italian: Bella di notte
Japanese: オシロイバナ - 白粧花
Java: Kederat, Segerat, Tegerat
Kannada: Sanje mallige, Madhyanna mallige, Gullumunchi, Madhyaahna mallige, Naalku gante hoo, Vibhooti hoo
Konkani: Akashmuri, Meremdi
Korean: 분꽃
Lithuanian: Vakarinė dyvinutė
Macao: 紫茉莉
Makassar: Bunga-bunga paranggi
Malayalam: Anthimalari, Anti-mantaram, Naalu mani poovu
Manipuri: Mukak lei
Marathi: Gulabas, Gulabaas, Saayankaale, Gulbakshi
Melayu: Kembang pagi sore, Kembang pukul empat, Bunga waktu kechil
Minahasa: Pukul ampa
Mizo: Aratukkhuan
Oria: Rangbano
Oriya: Rangini
Polish: Dziwaczek Jalapa
Portugal: Boas-noites, Boas-noites, Boa-noite, Bonina
Romanian: Noptiță
Roti: Bungga Ledonosko
Russian: Мирабилис слабительный - Мирабилис ялапа - Ночная красавица
Sanskrit: Krishnakeli
Sinhala: හෙන්දිරික්කා
Slovak: Nocovka jalapovitá
Spanish: Buenas noches, Aretito, Buenas tardes, Don diego de noche, Dondiego de noche, Maravilla, Perico
Swedish: Underblomma
Taiwan: 紫茉莉
Tamil: அந்திமந்தரை - அந்தி மந்தாரை - அம்முக்கிளி - கண்வலிச்செடி - பட்டராசு - அந்தி மந்தாரை Anthimantharai, Andhi manthaarai, Ammukkili, Kanvalichedi, Pattarashu, Andhi Mandarai
Telugu: Chandrakantha, Chandramalli
Ternate: Cako rana
Thai: บานเย็น
Timor: Loro laka
Turkish: Akşamsefası
Ukrainian: Нічна красуня звичайна
Urdu: گل عباس Gul abbas

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium