Spinyhead sida (Sida acuta)

Galunggang or common wireweed or spinyhead sida (Sida acuta) is a plant species in the Malvaceae, erect herbaceous, cylindrical stems, branched, dense, green, white-haired, growing in forests, agricultural land, waterways and roadsides.

S. acuta has alternately seated leaves with stalks much shorter than blades. Leaves are simple in shape, lanceolate to linear, rarely ovate to oblong, length up to 10 cm, width up to 7 cm, obtuse at base, taper at apex, margins serrated and widely spaced.





Small flowers, disc-shaped, grow in the axils, diameter up to 2 cm, 2-3 items in a cluster. Centrally jointed stalk, no epicalix, complete, bisexual, regular, actinomorphic, hypogynous, pentamer and yellow.

Sepal five-part, gamosepalous, campanulate, slightly accressed, persistent, valvate. Petals five-part, polypetalous but slightly connate below and connected by staminal columns, crooked.

Stamens numerous, monadelphous, arranged in staminal columns. Stamina column shorter than calyx, divided above into many filaments, anthers monothecous, reniform, basifixed, short filaments, extrorse. The pollen grains are globose with spikes, about 90 microns in size.

Carples of five items, syncarpous, ovary superior, penta or multilocular with axile placentation, one ovule in each locule. Stigma round, according to the number of carpels. A schizocarpic pepperrp, 1 seed in each pepperrp.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Malveae
Genus: Sida L. in Sp. Pl.: 683 (1753)
Species: Sida acuta Burm.f. in Fl. Indica: 147 (1768)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Sida carpinifolia f. acuta (Burm.f.) Millsp. in Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 71 (1900)
Sida carpinifolia var. acuta (Burm.f.) Kurz in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 45: 119 (1876)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Sida acuta var. madagascariensis Hochr. in Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 20: 73 (1916)
Sida arrudiana Monteiro in Monogr. Malvac. Bras. 1: 36 (1936)
Sida berlandieri Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(I): 197 (1858)
Sida betulina Lag. ex Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3: 111 (1826)
Sida bodinieri Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 632 (1924)
Sida bradei Ulbr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 42 (1924)
Sida brasila Schrank ex Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 203 (1822)
Sida capensis Cav. in Diss. 1: t. 12, f. 3 (1785)
Sida carpinifolia f. antilliana Millsp. in Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 71 (1900)
Sida carpinifolia f. spiraeifolia (Willd.) Millsp. in Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 72 (1900)
Sida chanetii Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 627 (1924)
Sida commixta Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629 (1924)
Sida crassa Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 628 (1924)
Sida disticha Sessé & Moc. in Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 155 (1894)
Sida foliosa Splitg. ex de Vriese in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 340 (1848)
Sida frutescens Cav. in Diss. 1: 12 (1785)
Sida garckeana Pol. in Linnaea 40: 551 (1877)
Sida glabra Nutt. in J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 90 (1834)
Sida grandior Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 628 (1924)
Sida jamaicensis Vell. in Fl. Flumin. 7: t. 10 (1829)
Sida lancea Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 630 (1924)
Sida lanceolata Retz. in Observ. Bot. 4: 38 (1786)
Sida malifolia Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629 (1924)
Sida martinicensis Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629 (1924)
Sida martiusiana Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 632 (1924)
Sida orientalis DC. in Prodr. 1: 461 (1824)
Sida ovata G.Don in Gen. Hist. 1: 492 (1831)
Sida parens Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629 (1924)
Sida planicaulis DC. in Prodr. 1: 461 (1824)
Sida prostrata G.Don in Gen. Hist. 1: 490 (1831)
Sida repanda Roth in Nov. Pl. Sp.: 328 (1821)
Sida rugosa Thonn. in C.F.Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 304 (1827)
Sida schrankii DC. in Prodr. 1: 472 (1824)
Sida scoparia Lour. in Fl. Cochinch.: 414 (1790)
Sida spiraeifolia Willd. in Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol., Suppl.: 49 (1814)
Sida stauntaniana DC. in Prodr. 1: 460 (1824)
Sida versatilis Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 628 (1924)
Sida vogelii Hook.f. in W.J.Hooker, Niger Fl.: 231 (1849)
Sida zelotes Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 629 (1924)

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VERNACULAR NAME

English: Spinyhead Sida, Broom weed, Wire weed
Indonesian: Galunggang
Java: Sidaguri, Sidagori
Madura: Taghuri
Malaysia: Sedeguri, Bunga telur belangkas, Lidah ular
Sunda: Galunggang

Aryo Bandoro
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