Skip to main content

The world's oldest collection of preserved animal specimens, Parthenos tigrina RMNH.INS.1471355

BLOG - Two 7 cm wide, dried imago butterflies are the oldest preserved specimens of animal in the history of science. The exceptionally well-preserved specimens were collected in Sorong, Papua (-0.883333, 131.255828) in 1630, making them the earliest type of collection in the history of modern animal taxonomy.

The world's oldest collection of preserved animal specimens, Parthenos tigrina RMNH.INS.1471355 1

The two butterflies, stored at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden with ID: RMNH.INS.1471355, have different colors. The first butterfly has a dark brown body with dark brown and white wings, while the second specimen has a light brown body with light brown and white wings.

There is no information about who first collected the specimens from the wild and there was no formal taxon description until Samuel Constant Snellen van Vollenhoven (1816-1880) described them both as Parthenos tigrina in 1866.

The world's oldest collection of preserved animal specimens, Parthenos tigrina RMNH.INS.1471355 2

Vollenhoven was born in Rotterdam and was an entomologist and curator at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center from 1854 to 1873, retiring due to health problems. He founded Tijdschrift voor Entomologie in 1857, a journal of systematic and evolutionary entomology published by the Netherlands Entomological Society.

He described 9 genera and 471 species of insects. Together with Frederik Maurits van der Wulp (1818-1899), they compiled the first checklist of Diptera in the Netherlands. Wulp was an etymologist born in The Hague whose main interest was in Diptera.

Interestingly, the genus Parthenos first appeared from Jacob Hübner (1761-1826) in 1819, which had the synonyms Minetra Boisduval (1832) and Parthenus Agassiz (1846). Hübner was an Augsburg-born entomologist, one of the earliest figures in the field of entomological research and completed his first work entitled Beiträge zur Geschichte der Schmetterlinge in 1786-1790.

Over time two new species appeared in this genus, Parthenos cyaneus Moore (1877) and Parthenos aspila Honrath (1888). In 1904 the subspecies Parthenos tigrina subsp. pardalis Fruhstorfer appeared and thus the specimen RMNH.INS.1471355 changed to Parthenos tigrina subsp. tigrina van Vollenhoven (1866).

In 1912 Parthenos tigrina subsp. terentianus Fruhstorfer appeared and in 1915 Parthenos tigrina subsp. mysolica Rothschild appeared. Parthenos is family: Nymphalidae, order: Lepidoptera, class: Insecta, phylum: Arthropoda and kingdom: Animalia.

Read more:

Specimen RMNH.INS.1471355, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.INS.1471355 (August 18, 2024)

By Aryo Bandoro
Founder of Dlium.com. You can follow him on X: @Abandoro.

Popular Posts

Bush sorrel (Hibiscus surattensis)

Bush sorrel ( Hibiscus surattensis ) is a plant species in Malvaceae, annual shrub, crawling on the surface or climbing, up to 3 meters long, thorny stems, green leaves, yellow trumpet flowers, grows wild in forests and canal edges, widely used for vegetables and treatment. H. surattensis has stems with spines and hairs, branching and reddish green. Petiole emerges from the stem with a straight edge to the side, up to 11 cm long, sturdy, thorny, hairy and reddish green. The leaves have a length of 10 cm, width of 10 cm, 3-5 lobed, each has a bone in the middle with several pinnate veins, sharp tip, sharp and jagged edges, wavy, stiff, green surface. Flowers up to 10 cm long, trumpet-shaped, yellow with a purple or brown or red center, solitary, axillary. Epicalyx has forked bracts, linear inner branches, spathulate outer branches. Stalks up to 6-7 cm. The seeds have a length of 3-3.5 mm and a width of 2.5 mm. Bush sorrels grow in pastures, marshes, abandoned fields and plantations, ...

Six new species forming the Sumbana species group in genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg 1798 from Indonesia

NEWS - Sumbawa longhorn ( Nemophora sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.), Timor longhorn ( Nemophora timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.), shining shade longhorn ( Nemophora umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.), Wegner longhorn ( Nemophora wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.), long brush longhorn ( Nemophora longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.), and short brush longhorn ( Nemophora brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.) from the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia. The Lesser Sunda Islands consist of two parallel, linear oceanic island chains, including Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Sawu, Timor, Alor, and Tanimbar. The oldest of these islands have been continuously occurring for 10–12 million years. This long period of isolation has allowed significant in situ diversification, making the Lesser Sundas home to many endemic species. This island chain may act as a two-way filter for organisms migrating between the world's two great biogeographic regions, Asia and Australia-Papua. The recognition of a striking cli...

Perlis fairy lantern (Thismia perlisensis) resembling Thismia arachnites Ridley and Thismia javanica J.J.Sm.

NEWS - Perlis fairy lantern ( Thismia perlisensis Besi & Rusea sp. nov.) was discovered during a scientific expedition in a wetland forest at the foot of a limestone hill, Perlis State Park, resembling Thismia arachnites Ridley (1905) and Thismia javanica J.J.Sm. (1910), but has a prominent reddish dome-shaped annulus. Thismia perlisensis can be easily distinguished from T. arachnites and T. javanica by its blood-red dome-shaped annulus (vs. ring-like with a rim, orange annulus), prominent trilobed stigma with bifid and subulate lobes 1.8 mm long (vs. oblong, truncated stigma), and claviform apex of inner tepal appendage (vs. subulate apex of inner tepal appendage). Stenoendemic to northern Peninsular Malaysia, Perlis State and possibly Langkawi Island. Although there have been sightings of the plant on Langkawi Island, this location is based solely on photos posted on social media. There are currently no specimens or additional information to confirm. The new species grows in...